Mauro Ceccanti1, Daniela Fiorentino2, Giovanna Coriale3, Wendy O Kalberg4, David Buckley5, H Eugene Hoyme6, J Phillip Gossage7, Luther K Robinson8, Melanie Manning9, Marina Romeo10, Julie M Hasken11, Barbara Tabachnick12, Jason Blankenship13, Philip A May14. 1. Center on Alcoholism, Alcohol Addiction Program, The University of Rome, Sapienza, Plazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00186, Italy. Electronic address: Mauro.Ceccanti@uniroma1.it. 2. Center on Alcoholism, Alcohol Addiction Program, The University of Rome, Sapienza, Plazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00186, Italy. Electronic address: d.fiorentino@lbero.it. 3. Center on Alcoholism, Alcohol Addiction Program, The University of Rome, Sapienza, Plazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00186, Italy. Electronic address: gcoriale@tin.it. 4. Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA. Electronic address: wkalberg@unm.edu. 5. Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA. Electronic address: dbuckely@unm.edu. 6. Sanford Research & Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA. Electronic address: Gene.Hoyme@sanfordhealth.org. 7. Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA. Electronic address: jgossage@unm.edu. 8. School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 10138, USA. Electronic address: lrobinson@upa.chob.edu. 9. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94109, USA. Electronic address: mmanning@stanford.edu. 10. Center on Alcoholism, Alcohol Addiction Program, The University of Rome, Sapienza, Plazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00186, Italy. 11. Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA. Electronic address: julie_hasken@unc.edu. 12. California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA. Electronic address: barbara.tabachnick@csun.edu. 13. Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA. 14. Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA), The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA. Electronic address: philip_may@unc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in Italy and Mediterranean cultures need clarification, as there are few studies and most are plagued by inaccurate reporting of antenatal alcohol use. METHODS:Maternal interviews (n = 905) were carried out in a population-based study of the prevalence and characteristics of FASD in the Lazio region of Italy which provided data for multivariate case control comparisons and multiple correlation models. RESULTS: Case control findings from interviews seven years post-partum indicate that mothers of children with FASD are significantly more likely than randomly-selected controls or community mothers to: be shorter; have higher body mass indexes (BMI); be married to a man with legal problems; report more drinking three months pre-pregnancy; engage in more current drinking and drinking alone; and have alcohol problems in her family. Logistic regression analysis of multiple candidate predictors of a FASD diagnosis indicates that alcohol problems in the child's family is the most significant risk factor, making a diagnosis within the continuum of FASD 9 times more likely (95%C.I. = 1.6 to 50.7). Sequential multiple regression analysis of the child's neuropsychological performance also identifies alcohol problems in the child's family as the only significant maternal risk variable (p < .001) when controlling for other potential risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Underreporting of prenatal alcohol use has been demonstrated among Italian and other Mediterranean antenatal samples, and it was suspected in this sample. Nevertheless, several significant maternal risk factors for FASD have been identified.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Maternal risk factors for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in Italy and Mediterranean cultures need clarification, as there are few studies and most are plagued by inaccurate reporting of antenatal alcohol use. METHODS: Maternal interviews (n = 905) were carried out in a population-based study of the prevalence and characteristics of FASD in the Lazio region of Italy which provided data for multivariate case control comparisons and multiple correlation models. RESULTS: Case control findings from interviews seven years post-partum indicate that mothers of children with FASD are significantly more likely than randomly-selected controls or community mothers to: be shorter; have higher body mass indexes (BMI); be married to a man with legal problems; report more drinking three months pre-pregnancy; engage in more current drinking and drinking alone; and have alcohol problems in her family. Logistic regression analysis of multiple candidate predictors of a FASD diagnosis indicates that alcohol problems in the child's family is the most significant risk factor, making a diagnosis within the continuum of FASD 9 times more likely (95%C.I. = 1.6 to 50.7). Sequential multiple regression analysis of the child's neuropsychological performance also identifies alcohol problems in the child's family as the only significant maternal risk variable (p < .001) when controlling for other potential risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Underreporting of prenatal alcohol use has been demonstrated among Italian and other Mediterranean antenatal samples, and it was suspected in this sample. Nevertheless, several significant maternal risk factors for FASD have been identified.
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