Fahad Javaid Siddiqui1, Bilal Iqbal Avan2, Sadia Mahmud3, Debra J Nanan4, Abdul Jabbar5, Pryseley Nkouibert Assam6. 1. Center for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore. Electronic address: Fahad.siddiqui@duke-nus.edu.sg. 2. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Electronic address: Bilal.Avan@lshtm.ac.uk. 3. Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Pakistan; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Electronic address: mahmud_Sadia@Yahoo.Com. 4. Pacific Health & Development Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. Electronic address: pacificsci@Shaw.Ca. 5. The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: abdul.Jabbar@Aku.Edu. 6. Center for Quantitative Medicine, Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore. Electronic address: Pryseley.assam@duke-nus.edu.sg.
Abstract
AIMS: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of, and factors associated with, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (UDM) in a community setting in Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: A single-center, cross-sectional study, conducted in a community-based specialized care center (SCC) for diabetes in District Central Karachi, in 2003, registered 452 type 2 DM participants, tested for HbA1c and interviewed face-to-face for other information. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with UDM. RESULTS: Prevalence of UDM among diabetes patients was found to be 38.9% (95% CI: 34.4-43.4%). Multivariable logistic regression model analysis indicated that age <50 years (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-2.9), being diagnosed in a hospital (vs. a clinic) (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-2.8), diabetes information from a doctor or nurse only (vs. multiple sources) (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.9), higher monthly treatment cost (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.6; for every extra 500 PKR), and higher consumption of tea (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.2; for every 2 extra cups) were independently associated with UDM. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of UDM was approximately 39% among persons with type 2 diabetes visiting a community based SCC for diabetes. Modifiable risk factors such as sources of diabetes information and black tea consumption can be considered as potential targets of interventions in Karachi.
AIMS: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of, and factors associated with, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (UDM) in a community setting in Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: A single-center, cross-sectional study, conducted in a community-based specialized care center (SCC) for diabetes in District Central Karachi, in 2003, registered 452 type 2 DMparticipants, tested for HbA1c and interviewed face-to-face for other information. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with UDM. RESULTS: Prevalence of UDM among diabetespatients was found to be 38.9% (95% CI: 34.4-43.4%). Multivariable logistic regression model analysis indicated that age <50 years (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-2.9), being diagnosed in a hospital (vs. a clinic) (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-2.8), diabetes information from a doctor or nurse only (vs. multiple sources) (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.9), higher monthly treatment cost (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.6; for every extra 500 PKR), and higher consumption of tea (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.2; for every 2 extra cups) were independently associated with UDM. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of UDM was approximately 39% among persons with type 2 diabetes visiting a community based SCC for diabetes. Modifiable risk factors such as sources of diabetes information and black tea consumption can be considered as potential targets of interventions in Karachi.
Authors: Joud S Almutairi; Turky H Almigbal; Hiba Y Alruhaim; Muhammad H Mujammami; Turki A AlMogbel; Abdullah M Alshahrani; Abdullah M Al Zahrani; Mohammed A Batais; Shaffi A Shaik Journal: Saudi Med J Date: 2022-03 Impact factor: 1.422