Bin Yu1, Haiyan He2, Qing Zhang3, Hongmei Wu4, Huanmin Du4, Li Liu3, Chongjin Wang3, Hongbin Shi3, Yang Xia4, Xiaoyan Guo4, Xing Liu4, Chunlei Li4, Xue Bao4, Qian Su4, Ge Meng5, Jiaqi Chu6, Yan Mei7, Shaomei Sun3, Xing Wang3, Ming Zhou3, Qiyu Jia3, Honglin Zhao3, Kun Song3, Kaijun Niu8. 1. Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Institute of Psychology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. 2. Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Binhai New Area Dagang Hospital, Tianjin, China. 3. Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. 4. Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. 5. Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. 6. Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. 7. Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China. 8. Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: nkj0809@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research evidence supports a positive link between soft drinks and depressive symptoms. However, data thus far are only from Caucasian populations. We investigated whether high levels of consumption of soft drinks were associated with the depressive symptoms among adults in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 3667 adults in Tianjin, China. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), cut-off point of 40, 45 or 50 indicating elevated depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms was 7.6% (SDS ≥50). After adjustments for potentially confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of having elevated depressive symptoms by increasing levels of soft drink consumption were 1.00, 1.43 (1.01, 2.01) and 2.00 (1.15, 3.37) (p for trend <0.01). Similar relations were observed when SDS ≥40 or 45 were used as a definition of depressive symptoms. LIMITATION: This is a cross-sectional study, causal relation remains unknown. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that high consumption of soft drinks was significantly related to a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among adults in China. This is the first large cross-sectional study addressing this topic in an Asia population.
BACKGROUND: Research evidence supports a positive link between soft drinks and depressive symptoms. However, data thus far are only from Caucasian populations. We investigated whether high levels of consumption of soft drinks were associated with the depressive symptoms among adults in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 3667 adults in Tianjin, China. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire, and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), cut-off point of 40, 45 or 50 indicating elevated depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms was 7.6% (SDS ≥50). After adjustments for potentially confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of having elevated depressive symptoms by increasing levels of soft drink consumption were 1.00, 1.43 (1.01, 2.01) and 2.00 (1.15, 3.37) (p for trend <0.01). Similar relations were observed when SDS ≥40 or 45 were used as a definition of depressive symptoms. LIMITATION: This is a cross-sectional study, causal relation remains unknown. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that high consumption of soft drinks was significantly related to a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among adults in China. This is the first large cross-sectional study addressing this topic in an Asia population.
Authors: L Liu; Y Gu; C Li; Q Zhang; G Meng; H Wu; H Du; H Shi; Y Xia; X Guo; X Liu; X Bao; Q Su; L Fang; F Yu; H Yang; B Yu; S Sun; X Wang; M Zhou; Q Jia; Q Guo; K Song; G Huang; G Wang; K Niu Journal: J Hum Hypertens Date: 2016-07-28 Impact factor: 3.012