Dataset for metatranscriptome analysis of Prochlorococcus-rich marine picoplankton communities in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea.

Regulatory RNAs play a central role in the regulation of gene expression and can act on several regulatory levels from transcriptional initiation and RNA processing to the control of initiation of translation and RNA stability. One class of these molecules is non-coding (nc)RNAs in bacteria that typically lack protein-coding potential, range in size between 50 and 500nt and originate from intergenic regions. Common methods for the identification of these RNAs are either based on computational predictions, or on transcriptomic analyses of laboratory cultures, whereas very little is known about ncRNAs in environmental microbial populations. Here, we have combined a metatranscriptomics approach with a selective enrichment protocol for ncRNAs. The primary objective of this study was the identification of novel, environmentally relevant ncRNAs focusing on the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus, which was one of the dominant microorganisms of the marine community of the Gulf of Aqaba when samples were taken.