Felicia Jackson1, Dan Foti2, Roman Kotov3, Greg Perlman3, Daniel H Mathalon4, Greg Hajcak Proudfit5. 1. Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States. Electronic address: felicia.jackson@stonybrook.edu. 2. Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States. 3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States. 4. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States. 5. Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairments and delusions are hallmarks of schizophrenia, and are thought to be due in part to abnormalities in semantic priming. The N400, a neural measure of semantic processing, is found to be reduced in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear if individuals with other psychoses (e.g., mood disorders or substance abuse with psychotic features) also show this impairment, and whether N400 reduction relates to real-world functioning and recovery. METHODS: Eighty-nine individuals from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project, a longitudinal study of first-admission psychosis, and 35 healthy adults were assessed using matched, related, and unrelated picture-word pairs to elicit the N400. Patients' real-world functioning, symptomatology, and recovery were tracked since first hospitalization; EEG assessment was completed during year 15 of the study. RESULTS: Participants with schizophrenia had slower reaction times and reduced N400 to semantically incongruent stimuli relative to healthy participants. Schizophrenia and other psychoses did not differ on N400, suggesting that N400 abnormalities characterize psychosis broadly. When grouped by recovery status, patients who remained ill had a significantly blunted N400, while those who recovered did not differ from healthy adults. Few patients with schizophrenia achieved recovery; therefore recovery results are limited to the other psychosis group. Furthermore, reduced N400 and increased reaction times correlated with greater psychotic symptoms, worse global assessment of functioning scores, unemployment, and impaired social functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities in the N400 are not specific to schizophrenia; in addition, the N400 may be a useful neural correlate of recovery and real-world functioning across psychotic disorders.
BACKGROUND:Cognitive impairments and delusions are hallmarks of schizophrenia, and are thought to be due in part to abnormalities in semantic priming. The N400, a neural measure of semantic processing, is found to be reduced in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear if individuals with other psychoses (e.g., mood disorders or substance abuse with psychotic features) also show this impairment, and whether N400 reduction relates to real-world functioning and recovery. METHODS: Eighty-nine individuals from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project, a longitudinal study of first-admission psychosis, and 35 healthy adults were assessed using matched, related, and unrelated picture-word pairs to elicit the N400. Patients' real-world functioning, symptomatology, and recovery were tracked since first hospitalization; EEG assessment was completed during year 15 of the study. RESULTS:Participants with schizophrenia had slower reaction times and reduced N400 to semantically incongruent stimuli relative to healthy participants. Schizophrenia and other psychoses did not differ on N400, suggesting that N400 abnormalities characterize psychosis broadly. When grouped by recovery status, patients who remained ill had a significantly blunted N400, while those who recovered did not differ from healthy adults. Few patients with schizophrenia achieved recovery; therefore recovery results are limited to the other psychosis group. Furthermore, reduced N400 and increased reaction times correlated with greater psychotic symptoms, worse global assessment of functioning scores, unemployment, and impaired social functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities in the N400 are not specific to schizophrenia; in addition, the N400 may be a useful neural correlate of recovery and real-world functioning across psychotic disorders.
Authors: S B Hutton; F C Murphy; E M Joyce; R D Rogers; I Cuthbert; T R E Barnes; P J McKenna; B J Sahakian; T W Robbins Journal: Schizophr Res Date: 2002-06-01 Impact factor: 4.939
Authors: Margaret A Niznikiewicz; Martha E Shenton; Martina Voglmaier; Paul G Nestor; Chandlee C Dickey; Melissa Frumin; Larry J Seidman; Christopher G Allen; Robert W McCarley Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2002-10 Impact factor: 18.112