Hatim Mudawi1, Waleed Hussein2, Maowia Mukhtar2, Mukhlid Yousif3, Omer Nemeri4, Dieter Glebe5, Anna Kramvis6. 1. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. 2. Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. 3. Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa. 4. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Bahri University, Khartoum, Sudan. 5. Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany. 6. Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Programme, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa. Electronic address: Anna.Kramvis@wits.ac.za.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Sub-Saharan Africa is complicated by co-infection with hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), which share similar transmission routes. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and HBsAg-negative HBV infection and of HCV infection among HIV-infected patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among treatment-naïve HIV-positive adults in Khartoum State. HBV, HCV, and HIV infections were detected using immunoassays for HBsAg, hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc), hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV), and HIV antibodies (anti-HIV), while real-time PCR was used to measure HBV DNA. RESULTS: The mean age of the 358 patients was 35.2±9.3 years and the male to female ratio was 1.3:1.0. The mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was 10.9±18.0 U/l. Evidence of 23, current or past HBV infection was detected in 62.8% of the patients. HBV DNA was detected in 96 patients (26.8%), 42 HBsAg-positive (11.7%) and 54 (15.1%) HBsAg-negative, indicating occult hepatitis B infection. Anti-HCV was detected in 1.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of HBV infection was detected in 26.8% of HIV patients with HBsAg-negative infection, with viraemia detected in 15.1% of the patients. All HIV-infected patients should be screened carefully for HBV infection with HBsAg and anti-HBc IgG antibodies prior to starting antiretroviral therapy.
OBJECTIVES:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Sub-Saharan Africa is complicated by co-infection with hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), which share similar transmission routes. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and HBsAg-negative HBV infection and of HCV infection among HIV-infectedpatients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among treatment-naïve HIV-positive adults in Khartoum State. HBV, HCV, and HIV infections were detected using immunoassays for HBsAg, hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc), hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV), and HIV antibodies (anti-HIV), while real-time PCR was used to measure HBV DNA. RESULTS: The mean age of the 358 patients was 35.2±9.3 years and the male to female ratio was 1.3:1.0. The mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was 10.9±18.0 U/l. Evidence of 23, current or past HBV infection was detected in 62.8% of the patients. HBV DNA was detected in 96 patients (26.8%), 42 HBsAg-positive (11.7%) and 54 (15.1%) HBsAg-negative, indicating occult hepatitis B infection. Anti-HCV was detected in 1.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of HBV infection was detected in 26.8% of HIVpatients with HBsAg-negative infection, with viraemia detected in 15.1% of the patients. All HIV-infectedpatients should be screened carefully for HBV infection with HBsAg and anti-HBc IgG antibodies prior to starting antiretroviral therapy.
Authors: Opaleye O Oluyinka; Hoang Van Tong; Sy Bui Tien; Ademola H Fagbami; Olusegun Adekanle; Olusola Ojurongbe; C-Thomas Bock; Peter G Kremsner; Thirumalaisamy P Velavan Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-07-06 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Ali Amini; Olivia Varsaneux; Helen Kelly; Weiming Tang; Wen Chen; Debrah I Boeras; Jane Falconer; Joseph D Tucker; Roger Chou; Azumi Ishizaki; Philippa Easterbrook; Rosanna W Peeling Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2017-11-01 Impact factor: 3.090
Authors: Lucy Platt; Clare E French; Catherine R McGowan; Keith Sabin; Erin Gower; Adam Trickey; Bethan McDonald; Jason Ong; Jack Stone; Philippa Easterbrook; Peter Vickerman Journal: J Viral Hepat Date: 2019-12-22 Impact factor: 3.728