V Lavoué1, C Huchon2, X Deffieux3, M-C Voltzenlogel4, L Vandenbroucke4, J Levêque4. 1. Service de gynécologie, hôpital Sud, CHU de Rennes, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France; Inserm U1085, université de Rennes-1, 35000 Rennes, France. Electronic address: vincent.lavoue@chu-rennes.fr. 2. Service de gynécologie et obstétrique, université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, CHI Poissy-St-Germain, 10, rue du Champ-Gaillard, BP 3082, 78303 Poissy cedex, France. 3. Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, 157, rue de la Porte-de-Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France; GREEN GRC 01 (UPMC), groupe de recherche clinique en neuro-urologie, site Antoine-Béclère, 92141 Clamart, France; Faculté de médecine, université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France. 4. Service de gynécologie, hôpital Sud, CHU de Rennes, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, 35000 Rennes, France; Inserm U1085, université de Rennes-1, 35000 Rennes, France.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess value of sonography, hCG and progesterone for diagnosis of first trimester nonviable pregnancy and to assess first trimester miscarriage management (except evacuation). METHODS: French and English publications were searched using PubMed, Cochrane Library and international learned societies recommendations. RESULTS: First trimester nonviable pregnancy is established with gestational sac mean diameter and embryo crown-rump length. Mean sac diameter≥25mm without embryo (LE2) or embryo crown-rump length≥7mm without heartbeat (LE2) by transvaginal sonography allows to diagnose pregnancy failure. Intrauterine pregnancy of uncertain viability is defined by intra-uterine gestational sac without embryo with heartbeat or without pregnancy diagnosis failure and requires a new transvaginal sonography. The delay for this second sonography depends on the aspect of intrauterine picture (i.e. presence of yolk sac or not, presence of embryo or not) (LE4). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone are useful for pregnancy of unknown location (i.e. no gestational sac at transvaginal sonography): hCG ratio<15% between two-day serum samples when first hCG is<2000UI/mL (LE2) or low serum progesterone level (<3.2ng/mL) (LE2) exclude viable intrauterine pregnancy. There is not known prevention strategy for threatened miscarriage.
OBJECTIVE: To assess value of sonography, hCG and progesterone for diagnosis of first trimester nonviable pregnancy and to assess first trimester miscarriage management (except evacuation). METHODS: French and English publications were searched using PubMed, Cochrane Library and international learned societies recommendations. RESULTS: First trimester nonviable pregnancy is established with gestational sac mean diameter and embryo crown-rump length. Mean sac diameter≥25mm without embryo (LE2) or embryo crown-rump length≥7mm without heartbeat (LE2) by transvaginal sonography allows to diagnose pregnancy failure. Intrauterine pregnancy of uncertain viability is defined by intra-uterine gestational sac without embryo with heartbeat or without pregnancy diagnosis failure and requires a new transvaginal sonography. The delay for this second sonography depends on the aspect of intrauterine picture (i.e. presence of yolk sac or not, presence of embryo or not) (LE4). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone are useful for pregnancy of unknown location (i.e. no gestational sac at transvaginal sonography): hCG ratio<15% between two-day serum samples when first hCG is<2000UI/mL (LE2) or low serum progesterone level (<3.2ng/mL) (LE2) exclude viable intrauterine pregnancy. There is not known prevention strategy for threatened miscarriage.