Inge H F Reininga1, Sandra Brouwer2, Anita Dijkstra3, Jason W Busse4, Shanil Ebrahim5, Klaus W Wendt3, Mostafa El Moumni3. 1. Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: i.h.f.reininga@umcg.nl. 2. Department of Health Sciences, Division of Community & Occupational Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; The Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 5. Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA; Department of Anaesthesia & Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Positive coping strategies, illness perceptions and recovery expectations are associated with better clinical outcomes and earlier return to work after injuries. The Somatic Pre-Occupation and Coping (SPOC) questionnaire captures illness beliefs and coping towards recovery of physical function and return to work after surgical treatment of tibial shaft fractures. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the SPOC into Dutch (SPOC-NL) and evaluate its reliability and validity in patients with lower extremity injuries. MATERIALS: The SPOC-NL contains four subscales: Somatic complaints, Coping, Energy, and Optimism. Patients treated for lower extremity injuries (N=106) completed the SPOC-NL, Short Form-36 and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA-NL) questionnaire, and reported their current work status and self-perceived work ability. To assess test-retest reliability, 56 patients completed the SPOC-NL for a second time two weeks after the first administration of the SPOC-NL. We calculated Cronbach's Alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and G coefficients to measure internal consistency and overall reliability, and used the Bland and Altman method to assess bias between test and retest SPOC-NL scores. To determine construct validity, we explored 16 a priori hypotheses regarding correlations between SPOC-NL scores and subscale scores and SF-36, SMFA-NL, work status and work ability. RESULTS: Internal consistency was good to excellent, with Cronbach's Alpha values ranging between 0.79 and 0.94 and G coefficients ranging between 0.77 and 0.95. Test-retest reliability was also good, since high ICCs (0.72-0.91) and G coefficients (0.82-0.94) were found. Construct validity of the SPOC-NL was good, as 75% of the predefined hypotheses were confirmed. Compared to participants who were on sick leave or receiving disability benefits, participants with a paid job had significantly higher scores on the total score and the subscales Somatic complaints and Energy of the SPOC-NL. Participants with high work ability also had significantly higher scores on the total score and all subscales than participants with low work ability. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The SPOC-NL is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment of illness beliefs and coping towards recovery and it is strongly related to work status and self-perceived ability to work in patients with lower extremity injuries.
INTRODUCTION: Positive coping strategies, illness perceptions and recovery expectations are associated with better clinical outcomes and earlier return to work after injuries. The Somatic Pre-Occupation and Coping (SPOC) questionnaire captures illness beliefs and coping towards recovery of physical function and return to work after surgical treatment of tibial shaft fractures. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the SPOC into Dutch (SPOC-NL) and evaluate its reliability and validity in patients with lower extremity injuries. MATERIALS: The SPOC-NL contains four subscales: Somatic complaints, Coping, Energy, and Optimism. Patients treated for lower extremity injuries (N=106) completed the SPOC-NL, Short Form-36 and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA-NL) questionnaire, and reported their current work status and self-perceived work ability. To assess test-retest reliability, 56 patients completed the SPOC-NL for a second time two weeks after the first administration of the SPOC-NL. We calculated Cronbach's Alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and G coefficients to measure internal consistency and overall reliability, and used the Bland and Altman method to assess bias between test and retest SPOC-NL scores. To determine construct validity, we explored 16 a priori hypotheses regarding correlations between SPOC-NL scores and subscale scores and SF-36, SMFA-NL, work status and work ability. RESULTS: Internal consistency was good to excellent, with Cronbach's Alpha values ranging between 0.79 and 0.94 and G coefficients ranging between 0.77 and 0.95. Test-retest reliability was also good, since high ICCs (0.72-0.91) and G coefficients (0.82-0.94) were found. Construct validity of the SPOC-NL was good, as 75% of the predefined hypotheses were confirmed. Compared to participants who were on sick leave or receiving disability benefits, participants with a paid job had significantly higher scores on the total score and the subscales Somatic complaints and Energy of the SPOC-NL. Participants with high work ability also had significantly higher scores on the total score and all subscales than participants with low work ability. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The SPOC-NL is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment of illness beliefs and coping towards recovery and it is strongly related to work status and self-perceived ability to work in patients with lower extremity injuries.
Authors: Julia Ratter; Suzanne Wiertsema; Johanna M van Dongen; Edwin Geleijn; Raymond W J G Ostelo; Vincent de Groot; Frank W Bloemers Journal: Physiother Res Int Date: 2021-01-21
Authors: Fawaz Findakli; Jason W Busse; Emil H Schemitsch; Eva Lonn; Forough Farrokhyar; Mohit Bhandari Journal: Clin Orthop Relat Res Date: 2021-04-01 Impact factor: 4.755