Itraconazole in human histoplasmosis.

A non-comparative open trial with itraconazole in progressive forms of human histoplasmosis was carried out. Thirty two patients who completed 6 months of treatment were included; 29 suffered the chronic disseminated form; 2 exhibited a chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis and one patient presented a subacute disseminated form. Thirty patients were males and 2 females; their ages ranged from 37 to 78 years old (average 56.9). The following underlying diseases were registered: hepatopathies: 12 cases; endocrinopathies and steroid therapy: 13 cases; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 10 patients; malignancies: 3 cases; long treatment with psychotropic drugs; 2 cases and 1 immunodeficiency of unknown origin. The therapeutic schedule applied was: 100 mg/day, orally, during 2 months, followed by 50 mg/day for another four months. Twenty-nine patients achieved clinical cure, two showed a striking improvement (both had the chronic pulmonary form) and the treatment could not be evaluated in 1 case. A follow-up of longer than a year was registered in 23 cases, one died as a consequence of mesothelioma and another due to renal impairment, and no relapses were observed. A decreasing complement fixation titer (of more than 2-fold) was observed in 19 cases; 8 of 10 patients with negative skin tests turned positive and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was reduced to more than a half in 24 cases. Concerning side-effects, a mild, transient and asymptomatic rise of the hepatic enzymes was registered in 9 patients. It seems that itraconazole will be the drug of choice in the treatment of human histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients.