Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller1, Elva M Arredondo2, JianWen Cai3, Sheila F Castaneda2, James P Choca4, Linda C Gallo4, Molly Jung5, Lisa M LaVange3, Elizabeth T Lee-Rey6, Thomas Mosley7, Frank J Penedo8, Daniel A Santistaban9, Phyllis C Zee10. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. Electronic address: sylvia.smoller@einstein.yu.edu. 2. Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. 3. Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. 4. Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. 6. Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY. 7. Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. 8. Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 9. School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. 10. Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To describe prevalence and relationships to cardiovascular morbidity of depression, anxiety, and medication use among Hispanic/Latinos of different ethnic backgrounds. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 15,864 men and women aged 18 to 74 years in the population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with shortened Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale. RESULTS: Prevalence of high depressive symptoms ranged from low of 22.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.4-24.3) to high of 38.0% (95% CI, 35.2-41.0) among those of Mexican or Puerto Rican background, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for depression rose monotonically with number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor from 1.46 (95% CI, 1.18-1.75) for those with one risk factors to 4.36 (95% CI, 2.47-7.70) for those with five risk factors. Antidepressant medication was used by 5% with striking differences between those with and without history of CVD (15.4% and 4.6%, respectively) and between insured (8.2%) and uninsured (1.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Among US Hispanics/Latinos, high depression and anxiety symptoms varied nearly twofold by Hispanic background and sex, history of CVD, and increasing number of CVD risk factors. Antidepressant medication use was lower than in the general population, suggesting under treatment especially among those who had no health insurance.
PURPOSE: To describe prevalence and relationships to cardiovascular morbidity of depression, anxiety, and medication use among Hispanic/Latinos of different ethnic backgrounds. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 15,864 men and women aged 18 to 74 years in the population-based Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with shortened Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale. RESULTS: Prevalence of high depressive symptoms ranged from low of 22.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.4-24.3) to high of 38.0% (95% CI, 35.2-41.0) among those of Mexican or Puerto Rican background, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios for depression rose monotonically with number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor from 1.46 (95% CI, 1.18-1.75) for those with one risk factors to 4.36 (95% CI, 2.47-7.70) for those with five risk factors. Antidepressant medication was used by 5% with striking differences between those with and without history of CVD (15.4% and 4.6%, respectively) and between insured (8.2%) and uninsured (1.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Among US Hispanics/Latinos, high depression and anxiety symptoms varied nearly twofold by Hispanic background and sex, history of CVD, and increasing number of CVD risk factors. Antidepressant medication use was lower than in the general population, suggesting under treatment especially among those who had no health insurance.
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