Travis Y Morioka1, Alice J Lee2, Suzanne Bertisch3, Catherine Buettner3. 1. F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. 2. Harvard Catalyst Clinical Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: alee16@bidmc.harvard.edu. 3. Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Past studies examining the effect of vitamin D on statin myalgia have been variable; however, these studies were done in limited samples not representative of the general population. We aimed to evaluate whether vitamin D status modifies the association between statin use and musculoskeletal pain in a sample representative of the general population. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004. Musculoskeletal symptoms and statin use were self-reported. Vitamin D status was assessed using serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), categorized as <15 ng/mL or ≥15 ng/mL. To evaluate if vitamin D status modifies the association between statin use and prevalent musculoskeletal pain, we performed multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models stratified by 25(OH)D status. RESULTS: Among 5907 participants ≥40 years old, mean serum 25(OH)D was 23.6 ng/mL (95% CI, 22.9-24.3). In stratified multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, individuals with 25(OH)D <15 ng/mL, using a statin had a significantly higher odds of musculoskeletal pain compared to those not using a statin (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.18-3.05). Among those with 25(OH)D ≥15 ng/mL, we found no significant association between statin use and musculoskeletal pain (aOR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.71-1.16). CONCLUSION: Among adults ≥ 40 years old with 25(OH)D <15 ng/mL, statin users had nearly 2 times greater odds of reporting musculoskeletal pain compared to non-statin users. Our findings support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency modifies the risk of musculoskeletal symptoms experienced with statin use.
BACKGROUND: Past studies examining the effect of vitamin D on statin myalgia have been variable; however, these studies were done in limited samples not representative of the general population. We aimed to evaluate whether vitamin D status modifies the association between statin use and musculoskeletal pain in a sample representative of the general population. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004. Musculoskeletal symptoms and statin use were self-reported. Vitamin D status was assessed using serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), categorized as <15 ng/mL or ≥15 ng/mL. To evaluate if vitamin D status modifies the association between statin use and prevalent musculoskeletal pain, we performed multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models stratified by 25(OH)D status. RESULTS: Among 5907 participants ≥40 years old, mean serum 25(OH)D was 23.6 ng/mL (95% CI, 22.9-24.3). In stratified multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, individuals with 25(OH)D <15 ng/mL, using a statin had a significantly higher odds of musculoskeletal pain compared to those not using a statin (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.18-3.05). Among those with 25(OH)D ≥15 ng/mL, we found no significant association between statin use and musculoskeletal pain (aOR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.71-1.16). CONCLUSION: Among adults ≥ 40 years old with 25(OH)D <15 ng/mL, statin users had nearly 2 times greater odds of reporting musculoskeletal pain compared to non-statin users. Our findings support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency modifies the risk of musculoskeletal symptoms experienced with statin use.
Authors: Catherine Buettner; Matthew J Rippberger; Julie K Smith; Suzanne G Leveille; Roger B Davis; Murray A Mittleman Journal: Am J Med Date: 2012-02 Impact factor: 4.965
Authors: S Clockaerts; G J V M Van Osch; Y M Bastiaansen-Jenniskens; J A N Verhaar; F Van Glabbeek; J B Van Meurs; H J M Kerkhof; A Hofman; B H Ch Stricker; S M Bierma-Zeinstra Journal: Ann Rheum Dis Date: 2011-10-11 Impact factor: 19.103
Authors: E González-Reimers; M C Durán-Castellón; A López-Lirola; F Santolaria-Fernández; P Abreu-González; J Alvisa-Negrín; M J Sánchez-Pérez Journal: Alcohol Alcohol Date: 2010-02-26 Impact factor: 2.826
Authors: Maciej Banach; Wilbert S Aronow; Maria-Corina Serban; Jacek Rysz; Luminita Voroneanu; Adrian Covic Journal: Lipids Health Dis Date: 2015-12-30 Impact factor: 3.876