Christian Deiters1, Volker Günnewig2, Alexander W Friedrich3, Alexander Mellmann4, Robin Köck5. 1. Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 41, 48149 Münster, Germany; Christophorus-Kliniken GmbH, Hagenstraße 35, 48301 Nottuln, Germany. 2. Christophorus-Kliniken GmbH, Hagenstraße 35, 48301 Nottuln, Germany. 3. Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplain 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. 4. Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 41, 48149 Münster, Germany. 5. Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 41, 48149 Münster, Germany. Electronic address: robin.koeck@ukmuenster.de.
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of clonal complex (CC) 398 are widespread among pigs, cattle and poultry as well as among humans who have contact to these livestock animals. However, there is limited data on livestock-independent dissemination of MRSA CC398 in the general population. METHODS: In this case-control study MRSA isolates derived (between July 2013 and June 2014) from patients of four hospitals located in a livestock-dense region were S. aureus protein A (spa) typed and risk factors for MRSA acquisition were assessed from patients colonized or infected with MRSA CC398 vs. other MRSA molecular types (MRSA non-CC398). RESULTS: Of 384 patients, 21% were colonized with MRSA CC398. Contact with livestock (Odds Ratio (OR) 46.03) and residence directly on a pig farm (OR 12.82) were associated with MRSA CC398. Of 55 patients with MRSA CC398, 21 (38%) did not report direct livestock contact. Among the latter we identified several risk factors that could have facilitated indirect transmission, such as living on farms (without being farmer), private contact with known MRSA carriers or previous hospitalization. DISCUSSION: This study suggests that MRSA CC398 is still mostly disseminated via direct contact to livestock. However, a substantial proportion of patients seem to acquire MRSA CC398 via other pathways.
UNLABELLED: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of clonal complex (CC) 398 are widespread among pigs, cattle and poultry as well as among humans who have contact to these livestock animals. However, there is limited data on livestock-independent dissemination of MRSA CC398 in the general population. METHODS: In this case-control study MRSA isolates derived (between July 2013 and June 2014) from patients of four hospitals located in a livestock-dense region were S. aureus protein A (spa) typed and risk factors for MRSA acquisition were assessed from patients colonized or infected with MRSA CC398 vs. other MRSA molecular types (MRSA non-CC398). RESULTS: Of 384 patients, 21% were colonized with MRSA CC398. Contact with livestock (Odds Ratio (OR) 46.03) and residence directly on a pig farm (OR 12.82) were associated with MRSA CC398. Of 55 patients with MRSA CC398, 21 (38%) did not report direct livestock contact. Among the latter we identified several risk factors that could have facilitated indirect transmission, such as living on farms (without being farmer), private contact with known MRSA carriers or previous hospitalization. DISCUSSION: This study suggests that MRSA CC398 is still mostly disseminated via direct contact to livestock. However, a substantial proportion of patients seem to acquire MRSA CC398 via other pathways.
Authors: Søren Saxmose Nielsen; Dominique Joseph Bicout; Paolo Calistri; Elisabetta Canali; Julian Ashley Drewe; Bruno Garin-Bastuji; José Luis Gonzales Rojas; Christian Gortázar; Mette Herskin; Virginie Michel; Miguel Ángel Miranda Chueca; Barbara Padalino; Paolo Pasquali; Helen Clare Roberts; Hans Spoolder; Karl Ståhl; Antonio Velarde; Arvo Viltrop; Christoph Winckler; Francesca Baldinelli; Alessandro Broglia; Lisa Kohnle; Julio Alvarez Journal: EFSA J Date: 2022-05-10