Michiko Naito1, Nobuyuki Hinata2, Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Vazquez3, Gen Murakami4, Shin Aizawa1, Masato Fujisawa2. 1. Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 2. Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. 3. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Embryology, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 4. Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Kojin-kai Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To describe the embryological origin of the duplicated ureter and to investigate whether the urogenital sinus absorbs not only the Wolffian duct (WD) but also the ureter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During studies using sections of human fetuses (45 specimens), we incidentally found a specific type of ureteric duplication (at ~7 weeks) in which two unilateral ureters joined at the vesico-ureteric junction, apparently representing a morphology arising at an intermediate stage between complete and partial ureteric duplication. The existing literature lacks any photographic representation of early development of the vesico-ureteric junction, and we therefore studied horizontal sections of 10 human embryos (at ~5-6 weeks' gestation) in which the ureter did not join the urogenital sinus (future bladder) but instead joined the WD (future vas deferens). RESULTS: The sinus consistently showed a reversed Y-shape, the arms of which extended posteriorly to receive the WD. When absorption of the duct into the sinus wall reached the distal end of the ureter, the arm-like parts appeared to enlarge posteriorly for further involvement of the duct, with little or no incorporation of the ureter; therefore, the future trigone of the bladder might develop from these arm-like parts of the sinus posterior wall. Consequently, in the case of ureteric duplication included in the present study, it is considered that the ureters would probably have merged with the WD at closely adjacent sites. CONCLUSION: The present study represents the first photographic illustration of the early development of the human vesico-ureteric junction.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the embryological origin of the duplicated ureter and to investigate whether the urogenital sinus absorbs not only the Wolffian duct (WD) but also the ureter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During studies using sections of human fetuses (45 specimens), we incidentally found a specific type of ureteric duplication (at ~7 weeks) in which two unilateral ureters joined at the vesico-ureteric junction, apparently representing a morphology arising at an intermediate stage between complete and partial ureteric duplication. The existing literature lacks any photographic representation of early development of the vesico-ureteric junction, and we therefore studied horizontal sections of 10 human embryos (at ~5-6 weeks' gestation) in which the ureter did not join the urogenital sinus (future bladder) but instead joined the WD (future vas deferens). RESULTS: The sinus consistently showed a reversed Y-shape, the arms of which extended posteriorly to receive the WD. When absorption of the duct into the sinus wall reached the distal end of the ureter, the arm-like parts appeared to enlarge posteriorly for further involvement of the duct, with little or no incorporation of the ureter; therefore, the future trigone of the bladder might develop from these arm-like parts of the sinus posterior wall. Consequently, in the case of ureteric duplication included in the present study, it is considered that the ureters would probably have merged with the WD at closely adjacent sites. CONCLUSION: The present study represents the first photographic illustration of the early development of the human vesico-ureteric junction.