INTRODUCTION: Racial/ethnic minorities are underrepresented in actual HIV vaccine trials in North America, and willingness to participate (WTP) and retention in an HIV vaccine trial may differ from that in Whites. METHODS: In this review, the authors identified HIV vaccine preparedness studies (VPS) in North America in high-risk populations that examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and WTP in a preventive phase 3 HIV vaccine trial, and the relationship to retention. Studies were categorized by risk group, and comparison group (Whites vs. non-Whites). Other types of trials of biomedical prevention were also identified, and WTP and retention rates were compared and contrasted to actual HIV vaccine trials. RESULTS: In the studies identified, WTP in a hypothetical trial HIV vaccine trial did not differ by race/ethnicity. In contrast, actual HIV vaccine trials, an HIV acquisition trial, and a phase 2B preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trial have enrolled a large percentage of White men. Human papilloma virus (HPV) privately-funded trials have also enrolled a large number of Whites, due to convenience sampling. Retention in the HIV acquisition trial was lower in African-Americans compared with Whites. CONCLUSION: Strategies to increase WTP and enhanced retention (ER) strategies may help in recruiting and retaining minority participants in actual HIV vaccine trials and other trials of biomedical prevention.
INTRODUCTION: Racial/ethnic minorities are underrepresented in actual HIV vaccine trials in North America, and willingness to participate (WTP) and retention in an HIV vaccine trial may differ from that in Whites. METHODS: In this review, the authors identified HIV vaccine preparedness studies (VPS) in North America in high-risk populations that examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and WTP in a preventive phase 3 HIV vaccine trial, and the relationship to retention. Studies were categorized by risk group, and comparison group (Whites vs. non-Whites). Other types of trials of biomedical prevention were also identified, and WTP and retention rates were compared and contrasted to actual HIV vaccine trials. RESULTS: In the studies identified, WTP in a hypothetical trial HIV vaccine trial did not differ by race/ethnicity. In contrast, actual HIV vaccine trials, an HIV acquisition trial, and a phase 2B preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trial have enrolled a large percentage of White men. Human papilloma virus (HPV) privately-funded trials have also enrolled a large number of Whites, due to convenience sampling. Retention in the HIV acquisition trial was lower in African-Americans compared with Whites. CONCLUSION: Strategies to increase WTP and enhanced retention (ER) strategies may help in recruiting and retaining minority participants in actual HIV vaccine trials and other trials of biomedical prevention.
Authors: Jacqueline M O'Connell; Robert S Hogg; Keith Chan; Steffanie A Strathdee; Nancy McLean; Steve L Martindale; Brian Willoughby; Robert Remis Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2002-12-15 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Elizabeth T Golub; Lisa A Purvis; Marcella Sapun; Mahboobeh Safaeian; Chris Beyrer; David Vlahov; Steffanie A Strathdee Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2005-09
Authors: R P Strauss; S Sengupta; S Kegeles; E McLellan; D Metzger; S Eyre; F Khanani; C B Emrick; K M MacQueen Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2001-01-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Scott M Hammer; Magdalena E Sobieszczyk; Holly Janes; Shelly T Karuna; Mark J Mulligan; Doug Grove; Beryl A Koblin; Susan P Buchbinder; Michael C Keefer; Georgia D Tomaras; Nicole Frahm; John Hural; Chuka Anude; Barney S Graham; Mary E Enama; Elizabeth Adams; Edwin DeJesus; Richard M Novak; Ian Frank; Carter Bentley; Shelly Ramirez; Rong Fu; Richard A Koup; John R Mascola; Gary J Nabel; David C Montefiori; James Kublin; M Juliana McElrath; Lawrence Corey; Peter B Gilbert Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2013-10-07 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Sybil G Hosek; George Siberry; Margo Bell; Michelle Lally; Bill Kapogiannis; Keith Green; M Isabel Fernandez; Brandy Rutledge; Jaime Martinez; Robert Garofalo; Craig M Wilson Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2013-04-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: David L Thomas; Chloe L Thio; Maureen P Martin; Ying Qi; Dongliang Ge; Colm O'Huigin; Judith Kidd; Kenneth Kidd; Salim I Khakoo; Graeme Alexander; James J Goedert; Gregory D Kirk; Sharyne M Donfield; Hugo R Rosen; Leslie H Tobler; Michael P Busch; John G McHutchison; David B Goldstein; Mary Carrington Journal: Nature Date: 2009-10-08 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Beryl A Koblin; Kenneth H Mayer; Susan H Eshleman; Lei Wang; Sharon Mannheimer; Carlos del Rio; Steven Shoptaw; Manya Magnus; Susan Buchbinder; Leo Wilton; Ting-Yuan Liu; Vanessa Cummings; Estelle Piwowar-Manning; Sheldon D Fields; Sam Griffith; Vanessa Elharrar; Darrell Wheeler Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-07-26 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Krystal Madkins; George J Greene; Eric Hall; Ruben Jimenez; Jeffrey T Parsons; Patrick S Sullivan; Brian Mustanski Journal: Arch Sex Behav Date: 2018-08-01
Authors: Pedro Batista; Sherry Deren; Angela Banfield; Evelyn Silva; Mario Cruz; Preston Garnes; Charles M Cleland; Saurabh Mehandru; Melissa LaMar; Martin Markowitz Journal: AIDS Patient Care STDS Date: 2016-08 Impact factor: 5.078
Authors: Beatrice Huang; Denise De Vore; Chris Chirinos; Jessica Wolf; Devon Low; Rachel Willard-Grace; Stephanie Tsao; Chris Garvey; Doranne Donesky; George Su; David H Thom Journal: BMC Med Res Methodol Date: 2019-02-21 Impact factor: 4.615
Authors: Igor P U Capitine; Ivalda B Macicame; Artur M Uanela; Nilesh B Bhatt; Adam Yates; Mark Milazzo; Chiaka Nwoga; Trevor A Crowell; Nelson L Michael; Merlin L Robb; Ilesh V Jani; Arne Kroidl; Christina S Polyak; Caroline De Schacht Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-12-02 Impact factor: 3.240