BACKGROUND: Several reports have evaluated the association between seasonal variation and acute heart failure (AHF) onset. Cold weather may induce AHF, but the clinical characteristics of patients susceptible to AHF during winter have not been established. Clinical Scenario (CS) is used in the early clinical management of AHF, so we investigated the relationship between CS classification and winter onset of AHF in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 582 patients hospitalized for AHF and compared the frequency of AHF among the 4 seasons in each CS group to clarify the clinical characteristics of the winter onset group. Significant increase of AHF during winter was seen in CS1 (systolic blood pressure [SBP] (>140 mmHg) (P=0.01) but not in CS2 (SBP ≥ 100 and ≤ 140 mmHg) or CS3 (SBP <100 mmHg). CS1 patients were divided into winter and other season admission groups. In multivariate analysis, only lack of loop diuretic use was associated with winter admission of CS1 patients (odds ratio 0.562, 95% confidence interval: 0.256-0.798, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Winter predominance of AHF was seen only in CS1, and lack of loop diuretic use was a risk factor for winter onset. Future studies are necessary to confirm whether loop diuretics are useful in preventing AHF with CS1 in winter.
BACKGROUND: Several reports have evaluated the association between seasonal variation and acute heart failure (AHF) onset. Cold weather may induce AHF, but the clinical characteristics of patients susceptible to AHF during winter have not been established. Clinical Scenario (CS) is used in the early clinical management of AHF, so we investigated the relationship between CS classification and winter onset of AHF in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 582 patients hospitalized for AHF and compared the frequency of AHF among the 4 seasons in each CS group to clarify the clinical characteristics of the winter onset group. Significant increase of AHF during winter was seen in CS1 (systolic blood pressure [SBP] (>140 mmHg) (P=0.01) but not in CS2 (SBP ≥ 100 and ≤ 140 mmHg) or CS3 (SBP <100 mmHg). CS1patients were divided into winter and other season admission groups. In multivariate analysis, only lack of loop diuretic use was associated with winter admission of CS1patients (odds ratio 0.562, 95% confidence interval: 0.256-0.798, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Winter predominance of AHF was seen only in CS1, and lack of loop diuretic use was a risk factor for winter onset. Future studies are necessary to confirm whether loop diuretics are useful in preventing AHF with CS1 in winter.