Successful treatment of meningeal graft-versus-host disease in a haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of the central nervous system is a rare complication following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). It is a challenging disease process to confirm as biopsies of the involved tissues can be difficult to obtain safely, the clinical presentation can be non-specific and the differential diagnosis includes infection, drug toxicities, metabolic encephalopathy and disease relapse. We report a case of meningeal graft-versus-host disease in a young woman with relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia after a sibling allogeneic HSCT. The GVHD responded to immunosuppression with resolution of the clinical symptoms and radiological findings and has remained quiescent after a second allogeneic HSCT from an unrelated matched donor.