Neural ECM in regeneration and rehabilitation.

Neural extracellular matrix (ECM) is different from the normal ECM in other organs in that it has low fibrous protein content and high carbohydrate content. One of the key carbohydrate components in the brain ECM is chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Over the last two decades, the view of CSPGs has changed drastically, from the initial regeneration inhibitor to plasticity regulators present in the perineuronal nets to the most recent view that certain CSPG isoforms may even be growth promoters. In this chapter, we aim to address a few current progresses of CSPGs in regulating plasticity and rehabilitation in various pathological conditions in the central nervous system.