Resveratrol attenuates inflammation in the rat heart subjected to ischemia-reperfusion: Role of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

It has been previously reported that Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF‑κB signaling mediates early inflammation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. It has additionally been suggested that resveratrol produces cardioprotective and anti‑inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether resveratrol could modulate TLR4/NF‑κB signaling, reduce neutrophil accumulation and TNF‑α induction in an ischemia/reperfusion injured rat heart model. Rats were randomly exposed to a sham operation, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R), MI/R + resveratrol or MI/R + resveratrol + L‑NAME. The data showed that following MI/R, the expression of myocardial TLR4 and NF‑κB increased significantly in the area of induced ischemia. As compared with MI/R, resveratrol significantly attenuated the expression of TLR4 and NF‑κB and reduced the levels of myeloperoxidase, serum and myocardial TNF‑α production, myocardial infarct size and myocardial apoptosis induced by MI/R. All the effects of resveratrol were abolished upon application of L‑NAME, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. These data provide evidence that resveratrol inhibits TLR4/NF‑κB signaling in the rat heart subjected to MI/R, and the anti‑inflammatory effect of resveratrol is associated with NO production.