Lan Yang1, Honglin Hu1, Ying Deng1, Yifeng Bai1. 1. Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Approximately 15% of all histological types consist of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chemotherapy is one of the major treatment method. Though the current first-line standard chemotherapy regimen for SCLC is active in most SCLC cases, however the disease recurs shortly after the first successful treatment with multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Our previously study showed that SPHK1 was associated with MDR in SCLC. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) showed in small cell lung multi-drug resistance. METHODS: Firstly, the analysis of QRT-PCR and Western blot were used to study differential expression of SPHK1 from mRNA and protein levels in both the H69 and H69AR cell lines. Then, Downregulation of SPHK1 by transfection with siRNA in H69AR. Moreover, the sensitivities of cells to chemotherapy drugs such as ADM, DDP, VP-16 were detected by CCK8 assay. The change of cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, expression of SPHK1 in clinical specimens were detected by QT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Relation of SPHK1 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients was studied. RESULTS: The expression of SPHK1 was significantly decreased in H69AR cells that in the H69 cells. The sensitivities of H69AR cells to chemotherapy drugs were increased when up-regulated the expression of SPHK1, enforced SPHK1 expression increased cell apoptosis and the cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in H69AR cells, the expression of SPHK1 was not associated with gender, age, but significantly correlated with clinical stage, chemosensitivity and overall survival (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that SPHK1 is involved in the regulation of small cell lung cancer multi-drug resistance, SPHK1 may be as potentialtarget gene to evaluate the chemosensitivity and clinical prognostic for SCLC.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Approximately 15% of all histological types consist of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chemotherapy is one of the major treatment method. Though the current first-line standard chemotherapy regimen for SCLC is active in most SCLC cases, however the disease recurs shortly after the first successful treatment with multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Our previously study showed that SPHK1 was associated with MDR in SCLC. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) showed in small cell lung multi-drug resistance. METHODS: Firstly, the analysis of QRT-PCR and Western blot were used to study differential expression of SPHK1 from mRNA and protein levels in both the H69 and H69AR cell lines. Then, Downregulation of SPHK1 by transfection with siRNA in H69AR. Moreover, the sensitivities of cells to chemotherapy drugs such as ADM, DDP, VP-16 were detected by CCK8 assay. The change of cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, expression of SPHK1 in clinical specimens were detected by QT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Relation of SPHK1 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients was studied. RESULTS: The expression of SPHK1 was significantly decreased in H69AR cells that in the H69 cells. The sensitivities of H69AR cells to chemotherapy drugs were increased when up-regulated the expression of SPHK1, enforced SPHK1 expression increased cell apoptosis and the cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in H69AR cells, the expression of SPHK1 was not associated with gender, age, but significantly correlated with clinical stage, chemosensitivity and overall survival (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that SPHK1 is involved in the regulation of small cell lung cancer multi-drug resistance, SPHK1 may be as potentialtarget gene to evaluate the chemosensitivity and clinical prognostic for SCLC.
对数生长期的细胞以4×105/孔接种于6孔板中;37 ℃培养48 h;收集细胞,PBS洗涤2次;细胞重悬于100 μL含Annexin V-FITC和0.5 μg PI的结合缓冲液(10 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1.8 mM CaCl2)中;光室温孵育15 min;加入400 μL结合缓冲液;流式细胞仪分析。
#The median expression level was used as the cutoff. Low expression of SPHK1 in 23 patients was classified as values of 2-△△ct below 1.0.High SPHK1 expression in 53 patients was classified as values of 2-△△ct above 1.0. *For analysis of correlation between of SPHK1 levels and clinical features, Chi-square Test were used. Results were considered statistically significant at P<0.05.
All cases (n=76)
23
53
Age
0.042
0.838
<50
12
29
≥50
11
24
Gender
0.636
0.425
Male
9
26
Female
14
27
Disease stage
8.224
0.004
Limited disease (LD)
16
18
Extensive-stage disease (ED)
7
35
Response to chemotherapy
11.412
0.001
Response
15
13
Refractory
8
40
Survival state (3 mo-38 mo)
14.993
<0.001
Survival
18
16
Death
5
37
SPHK1的阳性表达与患者临床特征的关系Association of SPHK1 with clinical parameters
The expression of SPHK1 mRNA (A) and protein (B) were detected in H69 and H69AR by QRT-PCR and Western blot; C: The differential expression of SPHK1 in chemosensitivity and drug resistance patients. **compare with H69, P < 0.01.
QRT-PCR和Western blot在mRNA水平(A)和蛋白水平(B)检测H69及H69AR细胞中SPHK1的表达;C:化疗耐药患者与化疗敏感的患者血液标本中SPHK1的差异表达,**与H69组比较,P<0.01。The expression of SPHK1 mRNA (A) and protein (B) were detected in H69 and H69AR by QRT-PCR and Western blot; C: The differential expression of SPHK1 in chemosensitivity and drug resistance patients. **compare with H69, P < 0.01.
The sensitivities of cells to chemotherapy drugs were measured after H69AR cells transfected with Si-SPHK1. A: Expression of SPHK1 after transfection of SPHK1 siRNA in H69AR cells. The sensitivities of cells to chemotherapy drugs ADM (B), DDP (C) and VP-16 (D) were measured after H69AR cells transfected with Si-SPHK1 or mock by CCK-8 assay. **compare with H69AR and H69AR-NC, P < 0.01. DDP: Cis-platinum; ADM: Adriamycin; VP-16: Etoposide.
下调SPHK1的表达后细胞对化疗药物敏感性的变化。A:细胞转染SPHK1的SiRNA后,在mRNA水平检测其干扰效率。H69AR为空白对照;H69AR-NC为阴性对照;H69AR-Si-SPHK1为转染SPHK1下调H69AR细胞中SPHK1的表达;CCK8检测下调H69AR中SPHK1的表达后, 细胞对化疗药物ADM(B),DDP(C)及VP-16(D)的敏感性的变化。**与H69AR及H69AR-NC组比较,P<0.01. DDP:顺铂;ADM:阿霉素;VP-16:依托泊苷。The sensitivities of cells to chemotherapy drugs were measured after H69AR cells transfected with Si-SPHK1. A: Expression of SPHK1 after transfection of SPHK1 siRNA in H69AR cells. The sensitivities of cells to chemotherapy drugs ADM (B), DDP (C) and VP-16 (D) were measured after H69AR cells transfected with Si-SPHK1 or mock by CCK-8 assay. **compare with H69AR and H69AR-NC, P < 0.01. DDP: Cis-platinum; ADM: Adriamycin; VP-16: Etoposide.
The relationship of survival time with disease stage (A), chemosensitivity (B) and expression of SPHK1 (C) by Kaplan-Meier assay. LD: Limited disease; ED: Extensive-stage disease.
Kaplan-Meier法估计疾病分期(A)、化疗敏感性(B)及SPHK1的表达(C)与患者生存时间的关系。LD:局限期;ED:广泛期。The relationship of survival time with disease stage (A), chemosensitivity (B) and expression of SPHK1 (C) by Kaplan-Meier assay. LD: Limited disease; ED: Extensive-stage disease.Cox回归分析患者的性别、年龄、疾病分期、化疗敏感性及SPHK1的表达与患者预后的关系,发现疾病分期和SPHK1可作为独立的预后因子,分期越晚的相对危险度2.261,95%相对危险度的可信区间为(1.225-4.172),差异具有统计学意义(W=6.813, P=0.009);SPHK1高表达的相对危险度为5.431,95%相对危险度的可信区间为(2.484-11.875),差异具有统计学意义(W=17.976, P<0.001)(表 3)。
3
Cox回归分析疾病的分期、SPHK1的表达水平与NSCLC患者预后的关系
Cox regression analysis on relationship between disease stage, expression levels of SPHK1 and prognostic of NSCLC patients
Variable
B
SE
Wald
P
RR (95%CI)
NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer.
Disease stage
0.816
0.313
6.813
0.009
2.261 (1.225-4.172)
Age
-0.181
0.419
0.185
0.667
0.835 (0.367-1.899)
Gender
-0.218
0.426
0.262
0.609
0.804 (0.349-1.854)
Chemosensitivity
0.282
0.425
0.440
0.507
1.326 (0.576-3.051)
Expression of SPHK1
1.692
0.399
17.976
<0.001
5.431 (2.484-11.875)
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