High-dose cisplatin with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) rescue therapy: preliminary pharmacologic observations.

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), a chelating agent that is a major metabolite of disulfuram, has been proposed as a potential rescue agent to reduce toxicity following high-dose cisplatin (HDCP) therapy. In the present study, we examined the pharmacologic interaction of HDCP and DDTC given as rescue therapy. Total plasma platinum and ultrafiltrate platinum pharmacokinetics and DDTC levels were determined in six patients with advanced malignancies who received a total of 11 cycles of HDCP with DDTC rescue. HDCP therapy (200 mg/m2 per cycle) consisted of 100 mg/m2 reconstituted in 250 cc 3% saline and infused over 3 h on days 1 and 8 of each 28-day cycle. DDTC rescue at a dose of 4 gm/m2 was given by an i.v. infusion (duration 1.5-3.5 h), beginning 45 min after the completion of cisplatin infusion. Peak total and ultrafiltrate levels and cisplatin pharmacokinetics in this study were indistinguishable from those of previous studies using the same HDCP regimen without DDTC rescue. Ultrafiltrate or unbound plasma platinum was less than 10% of total plasma platinum concentrations and demonstrated a biphasic pattern of elimination. Levels of DDTC predicted to be chemoprotective (greater than 400 microM) were achieved with the dose and schedule used in this study. These data demonstrate that DDTC can be targeted to protective plasma concentrations without significantly altering plasma cisplatin pharmacokinetics and support the potential usefulness of DDTC as a rescue agent following HDCP therapy.