[Diagnostics and treatment of syncope].

A transient loss of consciousness in the elderly is in most cases caused by syncope of cardiac origin. The underlying cause of syncope is of prognostic importance and should be clarified in every single case even if a definitive diagnosis can be established in only approximately two thirds of all cases. The definitive diagnosis is the key for appropriate therapeutic measures to prevent recurrences. Flowcharts can help to implement considerate and efficient stepwise diagnostic procedures. The most important diagnostic measures and treatment options according to medical evidence are presented.