ZnO anchored on vertically aligned graphene: binder-free anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

ZnO has been regarded as a promising anode material for the next-generation lithium-ion battery. Unfortunately, the structure broken caused by the volume change of ZnO and the capacity degression due to the irreversible electrochemical reaction of ZnO still remain two major challenges. Here, we design a novel kind of in situ growth binder-free ZnO-based anodes via ZnO anchored on vertically aligned graphene. The composite anode retains physical integrity post cycling. Especially, the good conductivity of graphene and the ultrasmall size of ZnO particles help to produce a completely reversible electrochemical reaction of ZnO-based anode. The composite material exhibits a high capacity (810 mAh g(-1)), long cycle life, good cycle stability, and fast charge/discharge rate.