Immunization against multiple viruses by using solid-matrix-antibody-antigen complexes.

We have previously shown that mice immunized with solid-matrix-antibody-antigen (SMAA) complexes in the absence of adjuvants show vigorous humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the immunizing antigen. Here we report that various proteins involved in inducing protective immune responses to different viruses can easily and simply be incorporated into SMAA complexes and that such complexes act as powerful multivalent immunogens. Construction of such SMAA complexes may be one of the most practical and effective ways of producing multivalent subunit vaccines for use in humans and animals.