Bacteria under the physical constraints of periodic micro-nanofluidic junctions reveal morphological plasticity and dynamic shifting of Min patterns.

Morphological plasticity is an important survival strategy for bacteria adapting to stressful environments in response to new physical constraints. Here, we demonstrate Escherichia coli morphological plasticity can be induced by switching stress levels through the physical constraints of periodic micro-nanofluidic junctions. Moreover, the generation of diverse morphological aberrancies requires the intact functions of the divisome- and elongasome-directed pathways. It is also intriguing that the altered morphologies are developed in bacteria undergoing morphological reversion as stresses are removed. Cell filamentation underlies the most dominant morphological phenotypes, in which transitions between the novel pattern formations by the spatial regulators of the divisome, i.e., the Min system, are observed, suggesting their potential linkage during morphological reversion.