Ioannis D Gkegkes1, Andreas Karydis2, Stavros I Tyritzis3,4, Christos Iavazzo5. 1. First Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Attica 'KAT', Athens, Greece. 2. Bristol University Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Department, Bristol, UK. 3. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Urology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Centre of Minimally Invasive Urological Surgery, Athens Medical Centre, Athens, Greece. 5. Gynaecological Oncology Department, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The penetration of robotic technology in various surgical fields may increase ocular complications. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in both PubMed and Scopus databases. RESULTS: Eight articles were retrieved by the literature search. In total, 142 patients were included in the study. The most frequent complication was increased intra-ocular pressure. Corneal abrasion, ischaemic optic neuropathy and postoperative visual loss were also reported. The duration of operations was 1.7-9.9 h; mean intra-ocular pressure was 3.6-13.3 mmHg; estimated blood loss was 29.7-1200 ml; and administered intravenous fluids were 1.600-4.300 ml. CONCLUSIONS: Meticulous preoperative ophthalmological assessment, restriction of intravenous fluids, 'rest stops', eyelid taping and ocular dressings are the major protective measures suggested by the literature. Collaboration between the surgical team and the anaesthetist is also essential.
BACKGROUND: The penetration of robotic technology in various surgical fields may increase ocular complications. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in both PubMed and Scopus databases. RESULTS: Eight articles were retrieved by the literature search. In total, 142 patients were included in the study. The most frequent complication was increased intra-ocular pressure. Corneal abrasion, ischaemic optic neuropathy and postoperative visual loss were also reported. The duration of operations was 1.7-9.9 h; mean intra-ocular pressure was 3.6-13.3 mmHg; estimated blood loss was 29.7-1200 ml; and administered intravenous fluids were 1.600-4.300 ml. CONCLUSIONS: Meticulous preoperative ophthalmological assessment, restriction of intravenous fluids, 'rest stops', eyelid taping and ocular dressings are the major protective measures suggested by the literature. Collaboration between the surgical team and the anaesthetist is also essential.
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