Sun Y Lee1, Connie M Rhee, Angela M Leung, Lewis E Braverman, Gregory A Brent, Elizabeth N Pearce. 1. Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition (S.Y.L., L.E.B., E.N.P.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (C.M.R.), Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California 92868; and Division of Endocrinology (A.M.L., G.A.B.), Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Thyroid hormone production is dependent on adequate iodine intake. Excess iodine is generally well-tolerated, but thyroid dysfunction can occur in susceptible individuals after excess iodine exposure. Radiological iodinated contrast media represent an increasingly common source of excess iodine. OBJECTIVE: This review will discuss the thyroidal response after acute exposure to excess iodine; contrast iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction; risks of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction in vulnerable populations, such as the fetus, neonate, and patients with impaired renal function; and recommendations for the assessment and treatment of contrast iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. METHODS: Data for this review were identified by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and references from relevant articles from 1948 to 2014. CONCLUSIONS: With the increase in the use of computed tomography scans in the United States, there is increasing risk of contrast-induced thyroid dysfunction. Patients at risk of developing iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction should be closely monitored after receiving iodinated contrast media and should be treated as needed.
CONTEXT: Thyroid hormone production is dependent on adequate iodine intake. Excess iodine is generally well-tolerated, but thyroid dysfunction can occur in susceptible individuals after excess iodine exposure. Radiological iodinated contrast media represent an increasingly common source of excess iodine. OBJECTIVE: This review will discuss the thyroidal response after acute exposure to excess iodine; contrast iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction; risks of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction in vulnerable populations, such as the fetus, neonate, and patients with impaired renal function; and recommendations for the assessment and treatment of contrast iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. METHODS: Data for this review were identified by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and references from relevant articles from 1948 to 2014. CONCLUSIONS: With the increase in the use of computed tomography scans in the United States, there is increasing risk of contrast-induced thyroid dysfunction. Patients at risk of developing iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction should be closely monitored after receiving iodinated contrast media and should be treated as needed.
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