Generation of Mammalian offspring by haploid embryonic stem cells microinjection.

In this unit we introduce the derivation and genetic modification of mouse haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells. We detail how to produce haploid embryos and the subsequent ES derivation and cell culture. We further introduce readers to the intracytoplasmic injection processes of two types of haploid ES cells [androgenetic haploid ES (ahES) and parthenogenetic ES (phES)], both of which possess potential to produce fertile progenies by microinjection. This unit will be interesting to researchers who focus on recessive screens and transgenic animal model production with haploid stem cells.