E C Zakrasek1, G Creasey2, J D Crew3. 1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA. 2. 1] Spinal Cord Injury Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA [2] Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA. 3. Spinal Cord Injury Service, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA, USA.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. OBJECTIVES: To explore the prevalence or incidence, risk factors, and costs of pressure ulcers among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), specifically in the context of the developing world. To highlight important targets for intervention and research for pressure ulcer management the world over. SETTING: World Bank 'low-income' and 'middle-income' countries with a gross national income per capita <$12 746. METHODS: PubMed search. RESULTS: SCI-associated pressure ulcers are very prevalent in developing nations; however, reported prevalence and incidence numbers are highly variable. Risk factors for pressure ulcers are similar in developed and developing countries however many of the risk factors are more prevalent in developing nations. CONCLUSION: SCI-associated pressure ulcers are common but can be prevented in the developing world. Key targets for interventions include acute care, nurse-to-patient ratios, support surfaces and education.
STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. OBJECTIVES: To explore the prevalence or incidence, risk factors, and costs of pressure ulcers among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), specifically in the context of the developing world. To highlight important targets for intervention and research for pressure ulcer management the world over. SETTING: World Bank 'low-income' and 'middle-income' countries with a gross national income per capita <$12 746. METHODS: PubMed search. RESULTS: SCI-associated pressure ulcers are very prevalent in developing nations; however, reported prevalence and incidence numbers are highly variable. Risk factors for pressure ulcers are similar in developed and developing countries however many of the risk factors are more prevalent in developing nations. CONCLUSION: SCI-associated pressure ulcers are common but can be prevented in the developing world. Key targets for interventions include acute care, nurse-to-patient ratios, support surfaces and education.
Authors: Manoel Baldoino Leal-Filho; Guilherme Borges; Bruno Ribeiro de Almeida; Aline de Almeida Xavier Aguiar; Marcelo Adriano da Cunha e Silva Vieira; Karoline da Silva Dantas; Ricardo Keyson Paiva de Morais; Carlos Rogério Nogueira dos Santos; Sumihara de Sousa Mendes; Luciana Maria Pinheiro Journal: Arq Neuropsiquiatr Date: 2008-06 Impact factor: 1.420