Duplex ultrasound for chronic venous insufficiency.

An advancing body of knowledge regarding chronic venous disorders and their diagnosis using duplex ultrasound has accumulated over the past two decades. Duplex ultrasound, primarily due to its low cost and reproducible nature, has impacted nomenclature and treatment technologies with its skillful application. Two distinct examination protocols have been developed and standardized, one for deep venous thrombosis and one for venous insufficiency (reflux). The duplex ultrasound protocol for chronic venous insufficiency and other insightful information regarding superficial reflux, anatomy, and concepts are presented.