Biochemical characterization of a glycoprotein required for rhinovirus attachment.

Human rhinoviruses attach to specific receptors located on the surfaces of host cells as a first step in viral infection. A 90-kDa cell surface protein was previously shown to be involved in the attachment of human rhinoviruses to susceptible cells (Tomassini, J. E., and Colonno, R.J. (1986) J. Virol. 58, 290-295). Digestion of purified receptor protein with various glycosidases revealed that 30% of its molecular mass was comprised of complex-type oligosaccharides, one-third being contributed by sialic acid. The presence of sialic acid was confirmed by demonstrating that wheat germ lectin can inhibit the attachment of rhinoviruses to host cell membranes, while lectins of other sugar specificities had no effect. The oligosaccharides were shown to be N-linked by tunicamycin treatment of host cells and by N-glycanase digestion. Seven N-linked glycosylation sites were detected by partial digestion of the receptor oligosaccharides with N-glycanase. Native receptor protein had an isoelectric focusing point of 4.2, compared to 5.3 for the deglycosylated protein. Studies of virus and antibody binding to neuraminidase-treated host cell membranes suggested that although carbohydrates may be involved in host-virus interaction, the receptor carbohydrate is not the predominant component of the cellular receptor site.