Joost B Sanders1,2, Hannie C Comijs2,3, Marijke A Bremmer2,3, Dorly J H Deeg2,3, Aartjan T F Beekman2,3,4. 1. Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Altrecht, Institute for Mental Health Care, Den Dolder, the Netherlands. 2. EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 3. Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 4. GGZInGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of the study is to investigate the effect of age and aging on the association between pain and depression over 13 years. We hypothesized that (1) this association would become stronger with age and frailty and that (2) this association is mainly driven by somatic and psychological factors. METHODS: Data were derived from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a prospective population-based cohort study with four follow-up measurements over 13 years, consisting of 1528 respondents (mean age 67.9 ± 8.1). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; pain was measured with an adapted version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Follow-up time and age were used as proxy variables for aging and gait speed as frailty marker. Cognition, mastery and neuroticism were measured using the mini mental state examination, the Pearlin Mastery Scale and the Dutch Personality Questionnaire respectively. RESULTS: Linear mixed models showed that pain and depressive symptoms were associated over the 13-year follow-up: b = 0.095, p < 0.001. Neither aging nor frailty changed this association. Measured somatic and psychological characteristics explained 40% of the covariance between pain and depressive symptoms over time. DISCUSSION: When dealing with people suffering from pain and depression, interventions should be similar for all aged people, encompassing both somatic and psychological factors, irrespective of age or frailty status.
OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of the study is to investigate the effect of age and aging on the association between pain and depression over 13 years. We hypothesized that (1) this association would become stronger with age and frailty and that (2) this association is mainly driven by somatic and psychological factors. METHODS: Data were derived from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a prospective population-based cohort study with four follow-up measurements over 13 years, consisting of 1528 respondents (mean age 67.9 ± 8.1). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; pain was measured with an adapted version of the Nottingham Health Profile. Follow-up time and age were used as proxy variables for aging and gait speed as frailty marker. Cognition, mastery and neuroticism were measured using the mini mental state examination, the Pearlin Mastery Scale and the Dutch Personality Questionnaire respectively. RESULTS: Linear mixed models showed that pain and depressive symptoms were associated over the 13-year follow-up: b = 0.095, p < 0.001. Neither aging nor frailty changed this association. Measured somatic and psychological characteristics explained 40% of the covariance between pain and depressive symptoms over time. DISCUSSION: When dealing with people suffering from pain and depression, interventions should be similar for all aged people, encompassing both somatic and psychological factors, irrespective of age or frailty status.
Authors: Elisa J de Koning; Erik J Timmermans; Natasja M van Schoor; Brendon Stubbs; Tessa N van den Kommer; Elaine M Dennison; Federica Limongi; Maria Victoria Castell; Mark H Edwards; Rocio Queipo; Cyrus Cooper; Paola Siviero; Suzan van der Pas; Nancy L Pedersen; Mercedes Sánchez-Martínez; Dorly J H Deeg; Michael D Denkinger Journal: J Pain Date: 2018-03-02 Impact factor: 5.820
Authors: André Strahl; Murteza Ali Kazim; Nils Kattwinkel; Wiebke Hauskeller; Steffen Moritz; Sönke Arlt; Andreas Niemeier Journal: Bone Joint J Date: 2022-03 Impact factor: 5.385
Authors: Emiel O Hoogendijk; Dorly J H Deeg; Jan Poppelaars; Marleen van der Horst; Marjolein I Broese van Groenou; Hannie C Comijs; H Roeline W Pasman; Natasja M van Schoor; Bianca Suanet; Fleur Thomése; Theo G van Tilburg; Marjolein Visser; Martijn Huisman Journal: Eur J Epidemiol Date: 2016-08-20 Impact factor: 8.082
Authors: Sheung-Tak Cheng; Candi M C Leung; Ka Long Chan; Phoon Ping Chen; Yu Fat Chow; Joanne W Y Chung; Alexander C B Law; Jenny S W Lee; Edward M F Leung; Cindy W C Tam Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-09-18 Impact factor: 3.240