| Literature DB >> 25342041 |
Gaoyang Lin1, Ke Xu1.
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatment for malignant tumors. Tumor multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of clinical failure of chemotherapy; however the mechanisms of chemo-resistance have not been fully elucidated. Recently, microRNA is one of the new hotspots in life science. MicroRNA regulates the expression of genes and plays roles a series of life events by post-transcriptional regulations, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, fat metabolism, nervous development, hormone secretion, tumor vessels generation, stem cell differentiation, tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and other physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies show that microRNA regulates the expression of multiple genes with high efficiency and specificity. The abnormal regulation of target genes by microRNA is responsible for tumor chemo-resistance, this may be an important component of the complexity of the regulation of chemo-resistance. Therefore, the study of microRNA and tumor drug resistance has profound practical significance. In this review, recent studies of tumor drug resistance, regulation of tumor drug resistance by microRNA, and microRNA as a potential target for tumor drug resistance therapy are reviewed.Entities:
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Year: 2014 PMID: 25342041 PMCID: PMC6000396 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.10.06
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi ISSN: 1009-3419
1已知的microRNA核苷酸长度的分布情况
The distribution of the length of known microRNA nucleotides
2肿瘤细胞耐药的典型分子机制。常见耐药的主要途径有:(1)由于细胞表面受体或转运体缺失导致药物不能进入细胞内;(2)药物靶点改变;(3)药物的改变或失活;(4)药物代谢途径改变;(5)损伤DNA修复增加;(6)药物被主动运输到细胞外。
The molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in tumor cells. The main pathways of drug resistance: (1) The drug can not get into the cell due to lost of cell surface receptors or transporters; (2) Mutations in drug target; (3) Changes or inactivation of the drug; (4) Changes in the drug metabolism pathway; (5) Increased repair of damaged DNA; (6) Drug is exported by active transportation.
3MicroRNA影响药物敏感程度的作用机制。正常情况下,microRNA及靶蛋白的水平维持正常状态;microRNA的基因发生突变时无法与靶mRNA正常配对,靶蛋白高水平表达;microRNA过表达时靶基因低表达。如果此靶蛋白参与细胞对药物的反应,如药物转运体、药物靶点、细胞凋亡及修复等相关蛋白,则导致药物敏感度的改变。
The mechanism of microRNA effect on the sensitivity to drugs. Normally, microRNAs and target proteins are maintain on the normal levels; when microRNA gene mutated, microRNA can not paired with target mRNA, cause the increased expression of target protein; when microRNA overexpressed, the expression of target gene reduced. If the target involves in cell responses to drugs such as drug transporter protein, drug targets, apoptosis or DNA repair related proteins, the sensitivity to drugs will be changed. RISC: RNA-induced silencing complex.
microRNA在肿瘤细胞耐药中的作用
The role of microRNAs in tumor cells chemoresistance
| microRNA | Target genes | Effect | Ref |
| miR-24 | The single base mutation 829C-T in DHFR 3’UTR, interferes the normal pairing between miR-24 and DHFR’mRNA, which make the expression of dihydrofolate reductase increased, and cause the methotrexate resistant phenotype. | [ | |
| miR-519c | The ABCG2 3’UTR of the S1MI80 cell contained a 1, 500 bp deletion, which includes the miR-519c reactive sites. This mutation make the expression of the drug efflux pump gene: ABCG2 cann’t reduced, and cause the multidrug resistance phenotype. | [ | |
| Abnormal expression | |||
| miR-15a/16 | The overexpression of miR-15a/16 can reduce the expression of the tamoxifen-induced BCL2, and enhance the resistance of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. | [ | |
| miR-20 | miR-20 can modify the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cell lines SW620, SW480 to 5-FU, oxaliplatin and teniposide, overexpression of miR-20 induced SW480 drug-resistance, downexpression of it can increase the drug-sensitivity of SW620. | [ | |
| miR-21 | The overexpression of miR-21 could interfere the colorectal cancer cells G/M arrest and apoptosis induced by 5-FU, that drug-resistant appears by reducing the expression of mutated mismatch repair gene MMR. The overexpression of miR-21 mediates the BCL2/PTEN expression, which caused the DDP-resistance of NSCLC cell. The overexpression of miR-21 can reactivate the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN and reduces the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, then increase the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Abnormal expression of miR-21 could lead the sensitive response of CML chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562 to the DNR by changing PTEN expression directly by PI3K/AKT pathway. | [ | |
| miR-27a | The overexpression of miR-27a which by regulating the target gene of HIPK2, could regulate the expression of MDR1 and P-gp indirectly, which influence ovarian cancer resistant to paclitaxel. | [ | |
| miR-34 | miR-34 suppressed the expression of target genes: BCL2/CCND1, which is leading to the resistance of MCF-7 to docetaxel. The overexpression of miR-34 suppress the expression of MAGE-A, then increasing the expression of P53, and upregulate the expression of miR-34 by positive feedback regulation mechanism, which increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to mitomycin and cisplatin. The overexpression of miR-34 could downregulate the expression of SIRT1 and BCL2 directly or by suppressing the expression of HuR, and weaken the resistance hormone-independent prostate cancer PC3 cells to paclitaxel. | [ | |
| miR-34a | The low-expression of miR-34a can increase the expression of myc, and transform the sensitivity of P493-6 cells to brotezomib. Overexpression of miR-34a can antagonist the apoptosis induced by bortezomib. The overexpression of miR-34a can reverse the drug-resistance of DLD-1 cells by suppressing the expression of Sirt1/E2F3. | [ | |
| miR-199a-3p | Target of rapamycin c-Met | miR-199a-3p can affect the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to doxorubicin by direct role in the target of rapamycin and c-Met, and maintain the low level expression of miR-199a-3p could improve the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin. | [ |
| miR-125 | The high-level expression of miR-125 endue the tolerance of breast cancer cells to docetaxel by suppressing the expression of Bak1. | [ | |
| miR-130b | The low expression of miR-130b reduce the efficiency in binding to CSF-1 3’UTR, thereby reducing the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel. | [ | |
| miR-141 | The overexpression of miR-141 can suppress the resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to cisplatin which is mediated by YAP1 gene. | [ | |
| miR-143 | miR-143 could increase the drug-sensitivity of prostate cancer by suppressing the expression of target protein KRAS, while the overexpression of miR-143 could also participate the regulation of EGFR/RAS/MAPK pathway and improve the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel. | [ | |
| miR-146b-3p | The increase of miR-146b-3p expression could participate the form of in resistance of HCT-116 colon cancer cell to cetuximab. | [ | |
| miR-193a | p73 | The suppression of miR-193a expression caused by inhibiting p-73-mediated feedback regulatory pathway can induce the sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell JHU-029 to chemotherapeutic drugs. | [ |
| miR-200c | miR-200c could reverse the resistance of the gastric cancer cells SGC7901 to DDP by upregulating the expression of the target protein PTEN/Bax. | [ | |
| miR-200bc/429 | The enhanced expression of miR-200bc/429 cluster resulting decrease of BCL-2 and XIAP protein, which make the gastric SGC7901/VCR and lung cancer A549/CDDP became sensitive to VCR/CDDP induced apoptosis. | [ | |
| miR-205/31 | miR-205/31 could suppress the expression of BCL2/E2F6 respectively, and improving the apoptosis of prostate cancer induced by chemotherapy. The downexpression of miR-205/miR-31 plays an important role in the anti-apoptotic function of tumor. | [ | |
| miR-297 | In HCT116/L-OHP of the colon cancer cell with multi-drug resistant, the expression of miR-297 was significantly reduced when compared with the parental strain HCT116. Thereby overexpression of miR-297 is expected to improve the drug-resistant of HCT116/LOHP. | [ | |
| miR-328 | In MCF-7/MX100 of the drug-resistant cell lines, suppress the expression of miR-328 could promote the expression of BCRP/ABCG2, which could increase drug sinotrans and result the generation of drug resistance. | [ | |
| miR-451 | In the multi-drug resistant cell lines MCF-7/DOX, overexpression of miR-451 may enhance the sensitivity of cells to doxorubicin. | [ | |