Kevin M Walton1, David B Abrams2, William C Bailey3, David Clark4, Gregory N Connolly5, Mirjana V Djordjevic6, Thomas E Eissenberg7, Michael C Fiore8, Maciej L Goniewicz9, Lynne Haverkos10, Stephen S Hecht11, Jack E Henningfield12, John R Hughes13, Cheryl A Oncken14, Lisa Postow15, Jed E Rose16, Kay L Wanke17, Lucie Yang18, Dorothy K Hatsukami19. 1. Division of Pharmacotherapies and Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; kevin.walton@nih.gov. 2. Schroeder Institute at Legacy, Washington, DC, and Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; 3. Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; 4. Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 5. Schools of Law and Bouve Health Sciences , Northeastern University, Boston, MA; 6. Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 7. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; 8. Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; 9. Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; 10. Child Development and Behavior Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 11. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; 12. Pinney Associates, Bethesda, MD, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; 13. Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT; 14. Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT; 15. Airway Biology and Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 16. Center for Smoking Cessation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; 17. Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 18. Division of Nonprescription Clinical Evaluation, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD; 19. Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) represent an emerging public health issue. These devices deliver nicotine along with other constituents, including flavorants, via an inhalable aerosol. Their uptake is rapidly increasing in both adults and youths, primarily among current smokers. Public debate is increasing on how these devices should be regulated and used, yet only limited peer-reviewed research exists. To develop a informed policy for e-cigarettes, their effects on human behavior, physiology, and health need to be understood. PURPOSE: This paper describes proceedings from a National Institutes of Health-sponsored workshop, which was held in November 2013, to identify research needs related to the effects of e-cigarettes. Discussion topics included e-cigarette risks and abuse potential; the potential role for e-cigarettes in harm reduction and smoking cessation; unintended consequences of e-cigarette use, such as becoming a gateway to conventional cigarettes; and dual use of both e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The research needs identified by the workshop participants included the following: standards to measure the contents and emissions of e-cigarettes; biomarkers of exposure; physiological effects of e-cigarettes on tissues and organ systems, including pulmonary and cardiovascular; information on e-cigarette users, how the devices are used, and identification of the best tools to assess these measures; factors that drive use and influence patterns of use; and appropriate methods for evaluating a potential role for e-cigarettes in smoking or nicotine cessation. To understand fully the challenges and the opportunities that e-cigarettes represent, expertise will be needed in basic, behavioral, translational, and clinical sciences. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) represent an emerging public health issue. These devices deliver nicotine along with other constituents, including flavorants, via an inhalable aerosol. Their uptake is rapidly increasing in both adults and youths, primarily among current smokers. Public debate is increasing on how these devices should be regulated and used, yet only limited peer-reviewed research exists. To develop a informed policy for e-cigarettes, their effects on human behavior, physiology, and health need to be understood. PURPOSE: This paper describes proceedings from a National Institutes of Health-sponsored workshop, which was held in November 2013, to identify research needs related to the effects of e-cigarettes. Discussion topics included e-cigarette risks and abuse potential; the potential role for e-cigarettes in harm reduction and smoking cessation; unintended consequences of e-cigarette use, such as becoming a gateway to conventional cigarettes; and dual use of both e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The research needs identified by the workshop participants included the following: standards to measure the contents and emissions of e-cigarettes; biomarkers of exposure; physiological effects of e-cigarettes on tissues and organ systems, including pulmonary and cardiovascular; information on e-cigarette users, how the devices are used, and identification of the best tools to assess these measures; factors that drive use and influence patterns of use; and appropriate methods for evaluating a potential role for e-cigarettes in smoking or nicotine cessation. To understand fully the challenges and the opportunities that e-cigarettes represent, expertise will be needed in basic, behavioral, translational, and clinical sciences. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
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