Seung Tae Kim1, Insuk Sohn2, In-Gu DO3, Jiryeon Jang4, Seok Hyung Kim3, In Ho Jung5, Joon Oh Park1, Young Suk Park1, Amirali Talasaz6, Jeeyun Lee1, Hee Cheol Kim7. 1. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Colorectal Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Center for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Cancer, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 3. Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Colorectal Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 4. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 5. Center for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Cancer, Seoul, Republic of Korea Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 6. Stanford Genome Technology Center, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, U.S.A. 7. Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Colorectal Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: CD133 is an important, but not exclusive, biomarker of colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to identify other CRC stem cell-specific genes, we performed a comparative expression profiling of CD133(+) and CD133(-) cell populations in primary and metastatic tumors from four patients with CRC. CD133(+) and CD133(-) CRC cells were isolated using MagSweeper and used for whole-transcriptome analysis with RNA-Seq. RESULTS: We found that in CD133(+) cells, 17 genes (RNASE2, PRB2, IL4, MGC27382, CLEC4C, SALL3, GIMAP1, ISG15, LOC728875, ZIK1, ICAM2, CCDC7, CDYL2, LRRC2, ZEB1, OSTF1 and CCDC144B) were significantly up-regulated compared to CD133(-) CRC cells. Among them, IL4 has been known as an inducer of survivin implicated in the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. However, the prognostic value of survivin in CRC is controversial. We evaluated survivin expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 188 patients with CRC by immunohistochemistry. Survivin over-expression was detected in 85 patients (45.2%) and was significantly associated with primary tumor sites (p=0.028), lymph node metastasis (p=0.029) and advanced III/IV CRC stages (AJCC 7; p=0.001). Furthermore, survivin up-regulation correlated with reduced disease-free survival (DFS; p=0.021) and overall survival (OS; p<0.000) and was proved to be an independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that CD133(+) CRC stem cells have a distinct expression pattern and that survivin, up-regulated by differentially expressed IL-4, is a candidate biomarker for the prediction of recurrence and survival in CRC. Copyright
BACKGROUND/AIM: CD133 is an important, but not exclusive, biomarker of colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to identify other CRC stem cell-specific genes, we performed a comparative expression profiling of CD133(+) and CD133(-) cell populations in primary and metastatic tumors from four patients with CRC. CD133(+) and CD133(-) CRC cells were isolated using MagSweeper and used for whole-transcriptome analysis with RNA-Seq. RESULTS: We found that in CD133(+) cells, 17 genes (RNASE2, PRB2, IL4, MGC27382, CLEC4C, SALL3, GIMAP1, ISG15, LOC728875, ZIK1, ICAM2, CCDC7, CDYL2, LRRC2, ZEB1, OSTF1 and CCDC144B) were significantly up-regulated compared to CD133(-) CRC cells. Among them, IL4 has been known as an inducer of survivin implicated in the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. However, the prognostic value of survivin in CRC is controversial. We evaluated survivin expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 188 patients with CRC by immunohistochemistry. Survivin over-expression was detected in 85 patients (45.2%) and was significantly associated with primary tumor sites (p=0.028), lymph node metastasis (p=0.029) and advanced III/IV CRC stages (AJCC 7; p=0.001). Furthermore, survivin up-regulation correlated with reduced disease-free survival (DFS; p=0.021) and overall survival (OS; p<0.000) and was proved to be an independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that CD133(+) CRC stem cells have a distinct expression pattern and that survivin, up-regulated by differentially expressed IL-4, is a candidate biomarker for the prediction of recurrence and survival in CRC. Copyright