Margo Mountjoy1, Astrid Junge2, Sarah Benjamen3, Kevin Boyd4, Mohamed Diop5, David Gerrard6, Cees-Rein van den Hoogenband5, Saul Marks7, Enrique Martinez-Ruiz8, Jim Miller9, Kyriakos Nanousis5, Farhad Moradi Shahpar10, Jose Veloso11, William van Mechelen12, Evert Verhagen13. 1. Department of Family Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), Lausanne, Switzerland International Olympic Committee (IOC), Lausanne, Switzerland. 2. Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), Zürich, Switzerland Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland Hamburg Medical School (MSH), Germany. 3. University of Southampton, Southampton, Great Britain. 4. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), Lausanne, Switzerland University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, Great Britain. 5. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), Lausanne, Switzerland. 6. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), Lausanne, Switzerland Medicine Department, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 7. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), Lausanne, Switzerland Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 8. Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain. 9. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), Lausanne, Switzerland Medicine Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. 10. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), Lausanne, Switzerland Department of Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. 11. Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), Lausanne, Switzerland Faculty of Biological Sciences, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay. 12. Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 13. Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, SMB Campus, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Injury and illness surveillance is the foundation for the development of prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE: To examine injuries among the aquatic disciplines in the 4 weeks prior to and during the 2013 FINA World Championships. METHODS: The study was comprised of two components: (1) a retrospective athlete survey recording injuries in the 4 weeks prior to the Championships and (2) a prospective recording of injuries and illnesses by the medical teams of the participating countries and the local host medical team. RESULTS: One-third of the 1116 responding athletes reported an injury/physical complaint in the 4 weeks prior to the Championships. Significantly more women (36.7%) than men (28.6%) reported injuries. Divers reported the highest rate of injury/physical complaints (55.7%). At the start of the Championships, 70% of injured respondents (n=258) were still symptomatic; however, full participation was expected by 76%. During the Championships, 186 new injuries were reported (8.3/100 registered athletes) with the highest injury incidence rate in water polo (15.3/100 registered athletes). The most common injured body part was the shoulder (21%). A total of 199 illnesses were reported during the Championships (9.0/100 registered athletes) with the most common diagnosis of illness being gastrointestinal infection. Environmental exposure (allergy, otitis and jellyfish stings) was responsible for 27% of all illnesses in open water swimming. CONCLUSIONS: Injuries pose a significant health risk for elite aquatic athletes. A prospective study would improve understanding of out-of-competition injuries. Future injury and illness surveillance at FINA World Championships is required to direct and measure the impact of prevention strategies. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
BACKGROUND:Injury and illness surveillance is the foundation for the development of prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE: To examine injuries among the aquatic disciplines in the 4 weeks prior to and during the 2013 FINA World Championships. METHODS: The study was comprised of two components: (1) a retrospective athlete survey recording injuries in the 4 weeks prior to the Championships and (2) a prospective recording of injuries and illnesses by the medical teams of the participating countries and the local host medical team. RESULTS: One-third of the 1116 responding athletes reported an injury/physical complaint in the 4 weeks prior to the Championships. Significantly more women (36.7%) than men (28.6%) reported injuries. Divers reported the highest rate of injury/physical complaints (55.7%). At the start of the Championships, 70% of injured respondents (n=258) were still symptomatic; however, full participation was expected by 76%. During the Championships, 186 new injuries were reported (8.3/100 registered athletes) with the highest injury incidence rate in water polo (15.3/100 registered athletes). The most common injured body part was the shoulder (21%). A total of 199 illnesses were reported during the Championships (9.0/100 registered athletes) with the most common diagnosis of illness being gastrointestinal infection. Environmental exposure (allergy, otitis and jellyfish stings) was responsible for 27% of all illnesses in open water swimming. CONCLUSIONS: Injuries pose a significant health risk for elite aquatic athletes. A prospective study would improve understanding of out-of-competition injuries. Future injury and illness surveillance at FINA World Championships is required to direct and measure the impact of prevention strategies. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
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