Sandra Ackermann1,2,3, Francina Hartmann1, Andreas Papassotiropoulos1,4,5, Dominique J-F de Quervain5,6, Björn Rasch2,7. 1. Department of Psychology, Division of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland. 2. Department of Psychology, Division of Biopsychology, University of Zurich, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland. 4. Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training Facility, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. 5. Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland. 6. Department of Psychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland. 7. Department of Psychology, Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, University of Fribourg, CH-1701 Fribourg, Switzerland.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep and memory are stable and heritable traits that strongly differ between individuals. Sleep benefits memory consolidation, and the amount of slow wave sleep, sleep spindles, and rapid eye movement sleep have been repeatedly identified as reliable predictors for the amount of declarative and/or emotional memories retrieved after a consolidation period filled with sleep. These studies typically encompass small sample sizes, increasing the probability of overestimating the real association strength. In a large sample we tested whether individual differences in sleep are predictive for individual differences in memory for emotional and neutral pictures. DESIGN: Between-subject design. SETTING: Cognitive testing took place at the University of Basel, Switzerland. Sleep was recorded at participants' homes, using portable electroencephalograph-recording devices. PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred-twenty-nine healthy young participants (mean age 22.48 ± 3.60 y standard deviation). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: In striking contrast to our expectations as well as numerous previous findings, we did not find any significant correlations between sleep and memory consolidation for pictorial stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that individual differences in sleep are much less predictive for pictorial memory processes than previously assumed and suggest that previous studies using small sample sizes might have overestimated the association strength between sleep stage duration and pictorial memory performance. Future studies need to determine whether intraindividual differences rather than interindividual differences in sleep stage duration might be more predictive for the consolidation of emotional and neutral pictures during sleep.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep and memory are stable and heritable traits that strongly differ between individuals. Sleep benefits memory consolidation, and the amount of slow wave sleep, sleep spindles, and rapid eye movement sleep have been repeatedly identified as reliable predictors for the amount of declarative and/or emotional memories retrieved after a consolidation period filled with sleep. These studies typically encompass small sample sizes, increasing the probability of overestimating the real association strength. In a large sample we tested whether individual differences in sleep are predictive for individual differences in memory for emotional and neutral pictures. DESIGN: Between-subject design. SETTING: Cognitive testing took place at the University of Basel, Switzerland. Sleep was recorded at participants' homes, using portable electroencephalograph-recording devices. PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred-twenty-nine healthy young participants (mean age 22.48 ± 3.60 y standard deviation). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: In striking contrast to our expectations as well as numerous previous findings, we did not find any significant correlations between sleep and memory consolidation for pictorial stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that individual differences in sleep are much less predictive for pictorial memory processes than previously assumed and suggest that previous studies using small sample sizes might have overestimated the association strength between sleep stage duration and pictorial memory performance. Future studies need to determine whether intraindividual differences rather than interindividual differences in sleep stage duration might be more predictive for the consolidation of emotional and neutral pictures during sleep.
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