Li Li1, Olga Ivanova2, Nadia Driss3, Marysia Tiongco-Recto4, Rajiva da Silva5, Shohreh Shahmahmoodi6, Hossain M S Sazzad7, Ondrej Mach8, Anna-Lea Kahn8, Roland W Sutter8. 1. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. 2. Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 3. Institut Pasteur, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia. 4. University of the Philippines, Manila. 5. Medical Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 6. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 7. ICDDR, B, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 8. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Persons with primary immune deficiency disorders (PID), especially those disorders affecting the B-cell system, are at substantially increased risk of paralytic poliomyelitis and can excrete poliovirus chronically. However, the risk of prolonged or chronic excretion is not well characterized in developing countries. We present a summary of a country study series on poliovirus excretion among PID cases. METHODS: Cases with PID from participating institutions were enrolled during the first year and after obtaining informed consent were tested for polioviruses in stool samples. Those cases excreting poliovirus were followed on a monthly basis during the second year until 2 negative stool samples were obtained. RESULTS: A total of 562 cases were enrolled in Bangladesh, China, Iran, Philippines, Russia, Sri Lanka, and Tunisia during 2008-2013. Of these, 17 (3%) shed poliovirus, including 2 cases with immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus. Poliovirus was detected in a single sample from 5/17 (29%) cases. One case excreted for more than 6 months. None of the cases developed paralysis during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic polioviruses excretion remains a rare event even among individuals with PID. Nevertheless, because these individuals were not paralyzed they would have been missed by current surveillance; therefore, surveillance for polioviruses among PID should be established.
BACKGROUND: Persons with primary immune deficiency disorders (PID), especially those disorders affecting the B-cell system, are at substantially increased risk of paralytic poliomyelitis and can excrete poliovirus chronically. However, the risk of prolonged or chronic excretion is not well characterized in developing countries. We present a summary of a country study series on poliovirus excretion among PID cases. METHODS: Cases with PID from participating institutions were enrolled during the first year and after obtaining informed consent were tested for polioviruses in stool samples. Those cases excreting poliovirus were followed on a monthly basis during the second year until 2 negative stool samples were obtained. RESULTS: A total of 562 cases were enrolled in Bangladesh, China, Iran, Philippines, Russia, Sri Lanka, and Tunisia during 2008-2013. Of these, 17 (3%) shed poliovirus, including 2 cases with immunodeficient vaccine-derived poliovirus. Poliovirus was detected in a single sample from 5/17 (29%) cases. One case excreted for more than 6 months. None of the cases developed paralysis during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic polioviruses excretion remains a rare event even among individuals with PID. Nevertheless, because these individuals were not paralyzed they would have been missed by current surveillance; therefore, surveillance for polioviruses among PID should be established.
Authors: Ousmane M Diop; Cara C Burns; Roland W Sutter; Steven G Wassilak; Olen M Kew Journal: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Date: 2015-06-19 Impact factor: 17.586