Tumor genotype is an independent prognostic factor in primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors of gastric origin: a european multicenter analysis based on ConticaGIST.

PURPOSE: Although the mutational status in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) can predict the response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the role of tumor genotype as a prognostic factor remains controversial. The ConticaGIST study sought to determine the pathologic and molecular factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with operable, imatinib-naive GIST. EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN: Clinicopathologic and molecular data from 1,056 patients with localized GIST who underwent surgery with curative intention (R0/R1) and were registered in the European ConticaGIST database were prospectively obtained and reviewed. Risk of tumor recurrence was stratified using the modified NIH criteria. The median follow-up was 52 months.
RESULTS: On testing for potential prognostic parameters, the following were associated with inferior DFS on multivariable Cox model analysis: primary nongastric site, size >10 cm, mitotic index >10 mitoses per 50 high power field, and the KIT exon 9 duplication [hazard ratio (HR), 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-2.5; P = 0.037] and KIT exon 11 deletions involving codons 557 and/or 558 [KITdel-inc557/558; HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.0-2.2; P = 0.004]. Conversely, PDGFRA exon 18 mutations were indicators of better prognosis [HR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6; P = 0.002]. KITdel-inc557/558 were an adverse indicator only in GIST localized in the stomach (P < 0.001) but not in tumors with nongastric origin. In gastric GIST, all other mutations presented remarkably superior 5-year DFS.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, tumor genotype is an independent molecular prognostic variable associated with gastric GIST and should be used for optimizing tailored adjuvant imatinib treatment. ©2014 American Association for Cancer Research.