AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in an affluent society, but could confer an improved chance of survival during sparse living conditions. We studied whether insulin action and other metabolic responses to prolonged fasting differed between 21 young adults born SGA and 18 matched controls born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). METHODS: A frequently sampled IVGTT and indirect calorimetry measurements were performed after a 36 h fast. Endogenous glucose production, insulin sensitivity (SI), first-phase insulin secretion and glucose effectiveness were estimated by stable isotope tracer techniques and minimal modelling. Muscle and fat biopsies were obtained after 35 h of fasting. RESULTS: During fasting, SGA individuals experienced a more pronounced decrease in serum insulin and lower plasma triacylglycerol levels compared with AGA individuals. In addition, energy expenditure decreased in SGA but increased in AGA individuals. After fasting, SGA individuals displayed lower fat oxidation than AGA individuals. SG was reduced in SGA compared with AGA individuals, whereas hepatic or whole body insulin action (SI) did not differ between groups. SGA individuals had increased muscle PPARGC1A DNA methylation. We found no differences in adipose tissue PPARGC1A DNA methylation, muscle and adipose tissue PPARGC1A mRNA expression, or muscle glycogen levels between the groups. CONCLUSION: Compared with AGA individuals, SGA individuals displayed a more energy-conserving and potentially beneficial [corrected] cardiometabolic response to 36 h fasting. The role of increased muscle PPARGC1A DNA methylation in mediating this response requires further study.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in an affluent society, but could confer an improved chance of survival during sparse living conditions. We studied whether insulin action and other metabolic responses to prolonged fasting differed between 21 young adults born SGA and 18 matched controls born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). METHODS: A frequently sampled IVGTT and indirect calorimetry measurements were performed after a 36 h fast. Endogenous glucose production, insulin sensitivity (SI), first-phase insulin secretion and glucose effectiveness were estimated by stable isotope tracer techniques and minimal modelling. Muscle and fat biopsies were obtained after 35 h of fasting. RESULTS: During fasting, SGA individuals experienced a more pronounced decrease in serum insulin and lower plasma triacylglycerol levels compared with AGA individuals. In addition, energy expenditure decreased in SGA but increased in AGA individuals. After fasting, SGA individuals displayed lower fat oxidation than AGA individuals. SG was reduced in SGA compared with AGA individuals, whereas hepatic or whole body insulin action (SI) did not differ between groups. SGA individuals had increased muscle PPARGC1A DNA methylation. We found no differences in adipose tissue PPARGC1A DNA methylation, muscle and adipose tissue PPARGC1A mRNA expression, or muscle glycogen levels between the groups. CONCLUSION: Compared with AGA individuals, SGA individuals displayed a more energy-conserving and potentially beneficial [corrected] cardiometabolic response to 36 h fasting. The role of increased muscle PPARGC1A DNA methylation in mediating this response requires further study.
Authors: Christine B Jensen; Heidi Storgaard; Sten Madsbad; Erik A Richter; Allan A Vaag Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2007-02-06 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: S E Ozanne; C B Jensen; K J Tingey; M S Martin-Gronert; L Grunnet; C Brons; H Storgaard; A A Vaag Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2006-10-25 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: T S Hermann; C Rask-Madsen; N Ihlemann; H Domínguez; C B Jensen; H Storgaard; A A Vaag; L Kober; C Torp-Pedersen Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2003-03 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Francis de Zegher; Marta Díaz; Giorgia Sebastiani; Ana Martín-Ancel; David Sánchez-Infantes; Abel López-Bermejo; Lourdes Ibáñez Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2012-02-14 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Mary Elizabeth Patti; Atul J Butte; Sarah Crunkhorn; Kenneth Cusi; Rachele Berria; Sangeeta Kashyap; Yoshinori Miyazaki; Isaac Kohane; Maura Costello; Robert Saccone; Edwin J Landaker; Allison B Goldfine; Edward Mun; Ralph DeFronzo; Jean Finlayson; C Ronald Kahn; Lawrence J Mandarino Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2003-06-27 Impact factor: 12.779
Authors: Christa Broholm; Anders H Olsson; Alexander Perfilyev; Ninna S Hansen; Maren Schrölkamp; Klaudia S Strasko; Camilla Scheele; Rasmus Ribel-Madsen; Brynjulf Mortensen; Sine W Jørgensen; Charlotte Ling; Allan Vaag Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2016-09-14 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Sine W Jørgensen; Line Hjort; Linn Gillberg; Louise Justesen; Sten Madsbad; Charlotte Brøns; Allan A Vaag Journal: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Date: 2020-12-07 Impact factor: 4.310
Authors: Petr Volkov; Anders H Olsson; Linn Gillberg; Sine W Jørgensen; Charlotte Brøns; Karl-Fredrik Eriksson; Leif Groop; Per-Anders Jansson; Emma Nilsson; Tina Rönn; Allan Vaag; Charlotte Ling Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-06-20 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Peck Yean Tan; Cheng Wei Chang; Kaibo Duan; Michael Poidinger; Kai Lyn Ng; Yap Seng Chong; Peter D Gluckman; Walter Stünkel Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-09-15 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Line Hjort; Sine W Jørgensen; Linn Gillberg; Elin Hall; Charlotte Brøns; Jan Frystyk; Allan A Vaag; Charlotte Ling Journal: Clin Epigenetics Date: 2017-04-21 Impact factor: 6.551