Agricultural injuries to the hand and upper extremity.

Agricultural injuries involving the hand and upper extremity are common, debilitating injuries that reflect the significant occupational hazards associated with the agricultural industry. Farm injuries occur in all age groups and are associated with significant resource utilization and treatment costs. Most of these injuries are associated with machinery, including tractors, power take-off devices, grain augers, hay balers, and combine harvesters. Each piece of machinery produces specific injury patterns and a spectrum of bone and soft-tissue injuries that are frequently characterized by the loss of a digit or limb, permanent disability, loss of function, and serious complications such as infection. Management of agricultural injuries includes expedient administration of antibiotic and tetanus prophylaxis, aggressive irrigation, serial débridement, consideration of delayed wound closure, and reconstruction or replantation of amputated digits and limbs, if feasible. Copyright 2014 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.