Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae naturally produces small amounts of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol via Ehrlich pathway from the catabolism of valine and leucine, respectively. In this study, we engineered CEN.PK2-1C, a leucine auxotrophic strain having a LEU2 gene mutation, for the production of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol. First, ALD6 encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase and BAT1 involved in valine synthesis were deleted to eliminate competing pathways. We also increased transcription of endogenous genes in the valine and leucine biosynthetic pathways by expressing Leu3Δ601, a constitutively active form of Leu3 transcriptional activator. For the production of isobutanol, genes involved in isobutanol production (ILV2, ILV3, ILV5, ARO10, and ADH2) were additionally overexpressed in ald6Δbat1Δ strain expressing LEU3Δ601, resulting in 376.9 mg/L isobutanol production from 100 g/L glucose. To increase 3-methyl-1-butanol production, leucine biosynthetic genes were additionally overexpressed in the final isobutanol-production strain. The resulting strain overexpressing LEU2 and LEU4 (D578Y) , a feedback inhibition-insensitive mutant of LEU4, showed a 34-fold increase in 3-methyl-1-butanol synthesis compared with CEN.PK2-1C control strain, producing 765.7 mg/L 3-methyl-1-butanol.