Khalid Al-Rubeaan1, Hamad A Al-Manaa2, Tawfik A Khoja3, Najlaa A Ahmad4, Ahmad H Al-Sharqawi4, Khalid Siddiqui5, Dehkra Alnaqeb6, Khaled H Aburisheh1, Amira M Youssef7, Abdullah Al-Batel8, Metib S Alotaibi1, Ali A Al-Gamdi1. 1. University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 2. Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 3. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 4. Biostatistics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 5. Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 6. Research Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 7. Registry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 8. Central Department of Statistics and Information, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Saudi Arabia is a community thrilled by sudden social and economical changes, leading to a sharp increase in the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism. Age-specific diabetes and impaired fasting glucose prevalence is the focus of this study with the expected risk factors. METHODS: A nationwide, household, randomized, population based cohort of 18 034 participants aged ≥30 years was selected to test for abnormal glucose metabolism using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes was 25.4% with 40.3% being unaware of their disease, while impaired fasting glucose (IFG) affected 25.5% of the total sample. IFG to diabetes ratio was one in this study, decreasing with age and increasing with body weight. Age ≥45 years, hypertension, history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and high triglycerides are the strongest risk factors in diabetic patients, while history of GDM, dyslipidemia, obesity, and high triglycerides are the most significant risk factors in IFG participants. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal glucose metabolism has reached an epidemic level in this society, where half of adults and older are affected. Risk factors are behind this epidemic and the quick shift from IFG to diabetes in this society.
BACKGROUND: Saudi Arabia is a community thrilled by sudden social and economical changes, leading to a sharp increase in the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism. Age-specific diabetes and impaired fasting glucose prevalence is the focus of this study with the expected risk factors. METHODS: A nationwide, household, randomized, population based cohort of 18 034 participants aged ≥30 years was selected to test for abnormal glucose metabolism using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes was 25.4% with 40.3% being unaware of their disease, while impaired fasting glucose (IFG) affected 25.5% of the total sample. IFG to diabetes ratio was one in this study, decreasing with age and increasing with body weight. Age ≥45 years, hypertension, history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and high triglycerides are the strongest risk factors in diabeticpatients, while history of GDM, dyslipidemia, obesity, and high triglycerides are the most significant risk factors in IFG participants. CONCLUSIONS:Abnormal glucose metabolism has reached an epidemic level in this society, where half of adults and older are affected. Risk factors are behind this epidemic and the quick shift from IFG to diabetes in this society.
Authors: Khalid A Al-Rubeaan; Hamad A Al-Manaa; Tawfik A Khoja; Ahmad H Al-Sharqawi; Khaled H Aburisheh; Amira M Youssef; Metib S Alotaibi; Ali A Al-Gamdi Journal: Saudi Med J Date: 2015-10 Impact factor: 1.484