Recent developments in the chemistry of thiourea oxides.

Thiourea dioxide is one of the best known, important, and stable products of thiourea oxidation. This compound has long been considered as an effective reducing agent for many years. Traditional areas of its application include the textile and paper industries. In recent years, however, thiourea dioxides and trioxides have been widely used in new fields including organocatalytic, polymerization, and phase-transfer reactions; reduction of graphene and graphite oxides; bitumen modifications; synthesis of guanidines and their derivatives; and studying nonlinear dynamical phenomena in chemical kinetics. The review gives a detailed survey of the latest developments and main trends in the chemistry and application of thiourea mon-, di-, and trioxides.