Laura K Mäkinen1, Timo Atula2, Valtteri Häyry3, Lauri Jouhi4, Neeta Datta5, Sanna Lehtonen6, Abdirisak Ahmed7, Antti A Mäkitie8, Caj Haglund9, Jaana Hagström10. 1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 220, Haartmaninkatu 4E, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: laura.k.makinen@helsinki.fi. 2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 220, Haartmaninkatu 4E, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: timo.atula@hus.fi. 3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 220, Haartmaninkatu 4E, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: valtteri.hayry@fimnet.fi. 4. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 220, Haartmaninkatu 4E, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: lauri.jouhi@helsinki.fi. 5. Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Haartmaninkatu 3, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: neeta.datta@helsinki.fi. 6. Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Haartmaninkatu 3, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: sanna.h.lehtonen@helsinki.fi. 7. Institute of Dentistry, Biomedicum 1, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: abdirisak.ahmed@helsinki.fi. 8. Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 220, Haartmaninkatu 4E, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: antti.makitie@helsinki.fi. 9. Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 440, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 440, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: caj.haglund@hus.fi. 10. Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Haartmaninkatu 3, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 400, Haartmaninkatu 3, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: jaana.hagstrom@hus.fi.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The clinical behavior of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) can be unpredictable, and even small tumors may behave aggressively. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition molecules involved in innate immunity, and they are also expressed in many types of cancer. TLRs play an apparently pivotal role in some cancers related to tumor progression and, conversely, cancer inhibition, however their role in oral cancer is unclear. We therefore studied the expression of TLR-2, -4, -5, -7, and -9 in early-stage OTSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry was employed to define the expression of TLRs from the tumors of 73 consecutive patients with Stage I-II OTSCC. Immunoexpression scores were compared with patient and tumor related characteristics and survival. RESULTS: All TLRs were expressed in OTSCC tissue. High/strong TLR-2, -4, and -9 expression correlated with deeper tumor invasion. Cytoplasmic TLR-2 and -4 also correlated significantly with higher tumor grade, whereas high TLR-5 expression associated with lower tumor grade. High expression of TLR-9 correlated with advanced tumor size. Negative or mild TLR-5 expression predicted poor disease-specific survival. CONCLUSION: All the studied TLRs showed high expression in early-stage OTSCC. More importantly, TLR-2, -4, and -9 seemed to predict invasive tumor growth.
OBJECTIVES: The clinical behavior of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) can be unpredictable, and even small tumors may behave aggressively. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern-recognition molecules involved in innate immunity, and they are also expressed in many types of cancer. TLRs play an apparently pivotal role in some cancers related to tumor progression and, conversely, cancer inhibition, however their role in oral cancer is unclear. We therefore studied the expression of TLR-2, -4, -5, -7, and -9 in early-stage OTSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemistry was employed to define the expression of TLRs from the tumors of 73 consecutive patients with Stage I-II OTSCC. Immunoexpression scores were compared with patient and tumor related characteristics and survival. RESULTS: All TLRs were expressed in OTSCC tissue. High/strong TLR-2, -4, and -9 expression correlated with deeper tumor invasion. Cytoplasmic TLR-2 and -4 also correlated significantly with higher tumor grade, whereas high TLR-5 expression associated with lower tumor grade. High expression of TLR-9 correlated with advanced tumor size. Negative or mild TLR-5 expression predicted poor disease-specific survival. CONCLUSION: All the studied TLRs showed high expression in early-stage OTSCC. More importantly, TLR-2, -4, and -9 seemed to predict invasive tumor growth.
Authors: Heikki Huhta; Olli Helminen; Joonas H Kauppila; Tuula Salo; Katja Porvari; Juha Saarnio; Petri P Lehenkari; Tuomo J Karttunen Journal: J Histochem Cytochem Date: 2016-07-01 Impact factor: 2.479
Authors: Alexander W Eckert; Claudia Wickenhauser; Paul C Salins; Matthias Kappler; Juergen Bukur; Barbara Seliger Journal: J Transl Med Date: 2016-04-05 Impact factor: 5.531