Marked elevation of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in Cushing's disease with macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia.

A 30-year-old man presented with longstanding hypercortisolism and biochemical studies typical of pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease. After unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery, plasma ACTH transiently became undetectable and adrenal computed tomography (CT) was consistent with macronodular hyperplasia. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) exceeded 10,000 ng/ml (normal 2,000-3,350 ng/ml). Despite either transient adrenal autonomy or variable adrenocortical ACTH hyperresponsiveness, urinary cortisol normalized within eight months following pituitary irradiation alone. Serum DHEA-S fell progressively but remained mildly elevated (4,000 ng/ml). Follow-up CT showed minimal residual adrenal nodularity. Given these findings and a review of the literature, we propose that chronic cosecretion of non-ACTH proopiomelanocortinderived peptides may have stimulated both hypersecretion of DHEA-S and adrenocortical macronodularity in this patient.