Hyo-Jung Lee1, Hee Man Kim2, Nayoung Kim3, Jane C Oh4, Hyun Jin Jo3, Jung-Tae Lee1, Hee-Yung Chang5, Na-Hee Chang6, Soyeon Ahn7, Jeong-Yun Lee8. 1. Departments of Periodontology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea. 3. Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. 4. Yonsei Plus Clinic, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. 5. Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. 6. Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Chungang University, Seoul, Korea. 7. Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. 8. Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The relationship between halitosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between subjective and objective halitosis and GERD. METHODS: The subjects were enrolled from participants who visited a health promotion center at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. For diagnosis of halitosis, a questionnaire was requested, and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) were measured by Halimeter. Self-conscious halitosis was defined as halitosis perceived by himself or herself. Informed halitosis was defined as hal-itosis perceived by others. Objective halitosis was defined when mean VSCs values were > 100 parts per billion. GERD was defined based on a questionnaire and endoscopy, including erosive esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). RESULTS: A total of 54 subjects (male:female = 33:21) with mean age of 46.0 ± 11.4 years were analyzed. The mean VSCs values were not significantly different between presence and absence of self-conscious halitosis (P = 0.322), but significantly different be-tween presence and absence of informed halitosis (P = 0.021). Informed halitosis was associated with objective halitosis (P = 0.039). GERD, erosive esophagitis and NERD did not correlate with objective halitosis (P = 0.556, 0.206 and 0.902, re-spectively). In multivariable analysis, the relationship between objective halitosis and GERD symptoms including chest pain, heart burn, acid regurgitation, epigastric pain, hoarseness, globus sensation and coughing was not significant. Besides, GERD was not associated with self-conscious halitosis, informed halitosis and objective halitosis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: GERD might not be associated with self-conscious, informed halitosis and objective halitosis indicated by Halimeter results. Informed halitosis could be correlated with objective halitosis determined by the Halimeter.(J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:483-490).
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The relationship betweenhalitosis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between subjective and objective halitosis and GERD. METHODS: The subjects were enrolled from participants who visited a health promotion center at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. For diagnosis of halitosis, a questionnaire was requested, and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) were measured by Halimeter. Self-conscious halitosis was defined as halitosis perceived by himself or herself. Informed halitosis was defined as hal-itosis perceived by others. Objective halitosis was defined when mean VSCs values were > 100 parts per billion. GERD was defined based on a questionnaire and endoscopy, including erosive esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). RESULTS: A total of 54 subjects (male:female = 33:21) with mean age of 46.0 ± 11.4 years were analyzed. The mean VSCs values were not significantly different between presence and absence of self-conscious halitosis (P = 0.322), but significantly different be-tween presence and absence of informed halitosis (P = 0.021). Informed halitosis was associated with objective halitosis (P = 0.039). GERD, erosive esophagitis and NERD did not correlate with objective halitosis (P = 0.556, 0.206 and 0.902, re-spectively). In multivariable analysis, the relationship between objective halitosis and GERD symptoms including chest pain, heart burn, acid regurgitation, epigastric pain, hoarseness, globus sensation and coughing was not significant. Besides, GERD was not associated with self-conscious halitosis, informed halitosis and objective halitosis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: GERD might not be associated with self-conscious, informed halitosis and objective halitosis indicated by Halimeter results. Informed halitosis could be correlated with objective halitosis determined by the Halimeter.(J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:483-490).
Authors: Ji Yeon Kim; Nayoung Kim; Pyoung Ju Seo; Jung Won Lee; Min Soo Kim; Sung Eun Kim; So Young Jo; Dong Ho Lee; Hyun Chae Jung Journal: J Neurogastroenterol Motil Date: 2013-07-08 Impact factor: 4.924
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