Ursina Meyer1, Christian Schindler2, Tamara Bloesch3, Eliane Schmocker4, Lukas Zahner3, Jardena J Puder5, Susi Kriemler6. 1. Centre on Aging and Mobility, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Human Movement Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 3. Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. 4. Department of Sports Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. 5. Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudoise, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address: susi.kriemler@ifspm.uzh.ch.
Abstract
PURPOSE:Negative lifestyle factors are known to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) in children, but research on their combined impact on a general population of children is sparse. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the combined impact of easily assessable negative lifestyle factors on the CVR scores of randomly selected children after 4 years. METHODS: Of the 540 randomly selected 6- to 13-year-old children, 502 children participated in a baseline health assessment, and 64% were assessed again after 4 years. Measures included anthropometry, fasting blood samples, and a health assessment questionnaire. Participants scored one point for each negative lifestyle factor at baseline: overweight; physical inactivity; high media consumption; little outdoor time; skipping breakfast; and having a parent who has ever smoked, is inactive, or overweight. A CVR score at follow-up was constructed by averaging sex- and age-related z-scores of waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, inverted high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. RESULTS: The age-, sex-, pubertal stage-, and social class-adjusted probabilities (95% confidence interval) for being in the highest CVR score tertile at follow-up for children who had at most one (n = 48), two (n = 64), three (n = 56), four (n = 41), or five or more (n = 14) risky lifestyle factors were 15.4% (8.9-25.3), 24.3% (17.4-32.8), 36.0% (28.6-44.2), 49.8% (38.6-61.0), and 63.5% (47.2-77.2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Even in childhood, an accumulation of negative lifestyle factors is associated with higher CVR scores after 4 years. These negative lifestyle factors are easy to assess in clinical practice and allow early detection and prevention of CVR in childhood.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: Negative lifestyle factors are known to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk (CVR) in children, but research on their combined impact on a general population of children is sparse. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the combined impact of easily assessable negative lifestyle factors on the CVR scores of randomly selected children after 4 years. METHODS: Of the 540 randomly selected 6- to 13-year-old children, 502 children participated in a baseline health assessment, and 64% were assessed again after 4 years. Measures included anthropometry, fasting blood samples, and a health assessment questionnaire. Participants scored one point for each negative lifestyle factor at baseline: overweight; physical inactivity; high media consumption; little outdoor time; skipping breakfast; and having a parent who has ever smoked, is inactive, or overweight. A CVR score at follow-up was constructed by averaging sex- and age-related z-scores of waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, inverted high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. RESULTS: The age-, sex-, pubertal stage-, and social class-adjusted probabilities (95% confidence interval) for being in the highest CVR score tertile at follow-up for children who had at most one (n = 48), two (n = 64), three (n = 56), four (n = 41), or five or more (n = 14) risky lifestyle factors were 15.4% (8.9-25.3), 24.3% (17.4-32.8), 36.0% (28.6-44.2), 49.8% (38.6-61.0), and 63.5% (47.2-77.2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Even in childhood, an accumulation of negative lifestyle factors is associated with higher CVR scores after 4 years. These negative lifestyle factors are easy to assess in clinical practice and allow early detection and prevention of CVR in childhood.
Authors: Gisoo Alizadeh; Kamal Gholipour; Saber Azami-Aghdash; Reza Dehnavieh; Mohammad Asghari JafarAbadi; Mehrdad Azmin; Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq Journal: Int J Prev Med Date: 2022-04-27
Authors: Michael Pereira da Silva; Ana Beatriz Pacífico; Thiago Silva Piola; Edmar Roberto Fantinelli; Edina Maria de Camargo; Rosimeide Francisco Santos Legnani; Wagner de Campos Journal: Rev Paul Pediatr Date: 2020-02-14
Authors: Claudia Börnhorst; Paola Russo; Toomas Veidebaum; Michael Tornaritis; Dénes Molnár; Lauren Lissner; Staffan Mårild; Stefaan De Henauw; Luis A Moreno; Anna Floegel; Wolfgang Ahrens; Maike Wolters Journal: Int J Obes (Lond) Date: 2020-09-17 Impact factor: 5.095