Jesús F San-Miguel1, Vânia T M Hungria2, Sung-Soo Yoon3, Meral Beksac4, Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos5, Ashraf Elghandour6, Wieslaw Wiktor Jedrzejczak7, Andreas Günther8, Thanyaphong Na Nakorn9, Noppadol Siritanaratkul10, Paolo Corradini11, Suporn Chuncharunee12, Je-Jung Lee13, Robert L Schlossman14, Tatiana Shelekhova15, Kwee Yong16, Daryl Tan17, Tontanai Numbenjapon18, Jamie D Cavenagh19, Jian Hou20, Richard LeBlanc21, Hareth Nahi22, Lugui Qiu23, Hans Salwender24, Stefano Pulini25, Philippe Moreau26, Krzysztof Warzocha27, Darrell White28, Joan Bladé29, WenMing Chen30, Javier de la Rubia31, Peter Gimsing32, Sagar Lonial33, Jonathan L Kaufman33, Enrique M Ocio34, Ljupco Veskovski35, Sang Kyun Sohn36, Ming-Chung Wang37, Jae Hoon Lee38, Hermann Einsele39, Monika Sopala40, Claudia Corrado40, Bourras-Rezki Bengoudifa40, Florence Binlich41, Paul G Richardson14. 1. Clínica Universidad de Navarra-CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: sanmiguel@unav.es. 2. Santa Casa de Misericordia de São Paulo Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. 3. Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. 4. Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. 5. University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece. 6. Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. 7. Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. 8. University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. 9. Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. 10. Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. 11. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 12. Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. 13. Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea. 14. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. 15. Clinic of Professional Pathology and Haematology, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia. 16. UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK. 17. Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. 18. Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. 19. St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK. 20. Chang Zheng Hospital, Shanghai, China. 21. Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada. 22. Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. 23. State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China. 24. Asklepios Clinic Altona, Hamburg, Germany. 25. Spirito Santo Hospital, Pescara, Italy. 26. Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France. 27. Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland. 28. Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. 29. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. 30. Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 31. University Hospital La Fe and Universidad Católica San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain. 32. Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 33. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. 34. University Hospital and Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Salamanca, Spain. 35. Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. 36. Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea. 37. Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 38. Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea. 39. University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. 40. Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. 41. Novartis Pharma SAS, Rueil-Malmaison, France.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Panobinostat is a potent oral pan-deacetylase inhibitor that in preclinical studies has synergistic anti-myeloma activity when combined with bortezomib and dexamethasone. We aimed to compare panobinostat, bortezomib, and dexamethasone with placebo, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. METHODS: PANORAMA1 is a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial of patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who have received between one and three previous treatment regimens. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via an interactive web-based and voice response system, stratified by number of previous treatment lines and by previous use of bortezomib, to receive 21 day cycles of placebo or panobinostat (20 mg; on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, orally), both in combination with bortezomib (1·3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, 11, intravenously) and dexamethasone (20 mg on days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, orally). Patients, physicians, and the investigators who did the data analysis were masked to treatment allocation; crossover was not permitted. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (in accordance with modified European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation criteria and based on investigators' assessment) and was analysed by intention to treat. The study is ongoing, but no longer recruiting, and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01023308. FINDINGS:768 patients were enrolled between Jan 21, 2010, and Feb 29, 2012, with 387 randomly assigned topanobinostat, bortezomib, and dexamethasone and 381 to placebo, bortezomib, and dexamethasone. Median follow-up was 6·47 months (IQR 1·81-13·47) in the panobinostat group and 5·59 months (2·14-11·30) in the placebo group. Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the panobinostat group than in the placebo group (11·99 months [95% CI 10·33-12·94] vs 8·08 months [7·56-9·23]; hazard ratio [HR] 0·63, 95% CI 0·52-0·76; p<0·0001). Overall survival data are not yet mature, although at the time of this analysis, median overall survival was 33·64 months (95% CI 31·34-not estimable) for the panobinostat group and 30·39 months (26·87-not estimable) for the placebo group (HR 0·87, 95% CI 0·69-1·10; p=0·26). The proportion of patients achieving an overall response did not differ between treatment groups (235 [60·7%, 95% CI 55·7-65·6] for panobinostat vs 208 [54·6%, 49·4-59·7] for placebo; p=0·09); however, the proportion of patients with a complete or near complete response was significantly higher in the panobinostat group than in the placebo group (107 [27·6%, 95% CI 23·2-32·4] vs 60 [15·7%, 12·2-19·8]; p=0·00006). Minimal responses were noted in 23 (6%) patients in the panobinostat group and in 42 (11%) in the placebo group. Median duration of response (partial response or better) was 13·14 months (95% CI 11·76-14·92) in the panobinostat group and 10·87 months (9·23-11·76) in the placebo group, and median time to response (partial response or better) was 1·51 months (1·41-1·64) in the panobinostat group and 2·00 months (1·61-2·79) in the placebo group. Serious adverse events were reported in 228 (60%) of 381 patients in the panobinostat group and 157 (42%) of 377 patients in the placebo group. Common grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities and adverse events (irrespective of association with study drug) included thrombocytopenia (256 [67%] in the panobinostat group vs 118 [31%] in the placebo group), lymphopenia (202 [53%] vs 150 [40%]), diarrhoea (97 [26%] vs 30 [8%]), asthenia or fatigue (91 [24%] vs 45 [12%]), and peripheral neuropathy (67 [18%] vs 55 [15%]). INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that panobinostat could be a useful addition to the treatment armamentarium for patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Longer follow up will be necessary to determine whether there is any effect on overall survival. FUNDING: Novartis Pharmaceuticals.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND:Panobinostat is a potent oral pan-deacetylase inhibitor that in preclinical studies has synergistic anti-myeloma activity when combined with bortezomib and dexamethasone. We aimed to compare panobinostat, bortezomib, and dexamethasone with placebo, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. METHODS: PANORAMA1 is a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial of patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who have received between one and three previous treatment regimens. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via an interactive web-based and voice response system, stratified by number of previous treatment lines and by previous use of bortezomib, to receive 21 day cycles of placebo or panobinostat (20 mg; on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, orally), both in combination with bortezomib (1·3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, 11, intravenously) and dexamethasone (20 mg on days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, orally). Patients, physicians, and the investigators who did the data analysis were masked to treatment allocation; crossover was not permitted. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (in accordance with modified European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation criteria and based on investigators' assessment) and was analysed by intention to treat. The study is ongoing, but no longer recruiting, and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01023308. FINDINGS: 768 patients were enrolled between Jan 21, 2010, and Feb 29, 2012, with 387 randomly assigned to panobinostat, bortezomib, and dexamethasone and 381 to placebo, bortezomib, and dexamethasone. Median follow-up was 6·47 months (IQR 1·81-13·47) in the panobinostat group and 5·59 months (2·14-11·30) in the placebo group. Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the panobinostat group than in the placebo group (11·99 months [95% CI 10·33-12·94] vs 8·08 months [7·56-9·23]; hazard ratio [HR] 0·63, 95% CI 0·52-0·76; p<0·0001). Overall survival data are not yet mature, although at the time of this analysis, median overall survival was 33·64 months (95% CI 31·34-not estimable) for the panobinostat group and 30·39 months (26·87-not estimable) for the placebo group (HR 0·87, 95% CI 0·69-1·10; p=0·26). The proportion of patients achieving an overall response did not differ between treatment groups (235 [60·7%, 95% CI 55·7-65·6] for panobinostat vs 208 [54·6%, 49·4-59·7] for placebo; p=0·09); however, the proportion of patients with a complete or near complete response was significantly higher in the panobinostat group than in the placebo group (107 [27·6%, 95% CI 23·2-32·4] vs 60 [15·7%, 12·2-19·8]; p=0·00006). Minimal responses were noted in 23 (6%) patients in the panobinostat group and in 42 (11%) in the placebo group. Median duration of response (partial response or better) was 13·14 months (95% CI 11·76-14·92) in the panobinostat group and 10·87 months (9·23-11·76) in the placebo group, and median time to response (partial response or better) was 1·51 months (1·41-1·64) in the panobinostat group and 2·00 months (1·61-2·79) in the placebo group. Serious adverse events were reported in 228 (60%) of 381 patients in the panobinostat group and 157 (42%) of 377 patients in the placebo group. Common grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities and adverse events (irrespective of association with study drug) included thrombocytopenia (256 [67%] in the panobinostat group vs 118 [31%] in the placebo group), lymphopenia (202 [53%] vs 150 [40%]), diarrhoea (97 [26%] vs 30 [8%]), asthenia or fatigue (91 [24%] vs 45 [12%]), and peripheral neuropathy (67 [18%] vs 55 [15%]). INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that panobinostat could be a useful addition to the treatment armamentarium for patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Longer follow up will be necessary to determine whether there is any effect on overall survival. FUNDING: Novartis Pharmaceuticals.
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