Toru Sugihara1, Changhong Yu2, Michael W Kattan2, Hideo Yasunaga3, Hiroyuki Ihara4, Mizuki Onozawa5, Shiro Hinotsu6, Hideyuki Akaza7. 1. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA ezy04707@nifty.com. 2. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. 3. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo. 4. Department of Urology, Shintoshi Hospital, Iwata. 5. Department of Urology, Tokyo-kita Medical Center, Tokyo. 6. Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama. 7. Department of Strategic Investigation on Comprehensive Cancer Network, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate survival of hormone-naïve prostate cancer patients diagnosed with prostate-specific antigen ≥500 ng/ml, stratified according to the prostate-specific antigen level and type of therapy. METHODS: Data of prostate cancer patients with prostate-specific antigen ≥500 ng/ml diagnosed between 2001 and 2003 and receiving primary androgen deprivation therapy were extracted from the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer database. Cancer-specific survival and overall survival were assessed according to the prostate-specific antigen level (500-999, 1000-4999 and ≥5000 ng/ml) and type of therapy using Kaplan-Meier analyses and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models including age, Gleason score, oncological stage and comorbidity. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 27 months (interquartile range, 13-51) and a total of 1961 patients were included. Five-year cancer-specific and overall mortalities were 39.0 and 33.0%, respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between overall survival and prostate-specific antigen magnitude among combination therapy patients, but not monotherapy patients (log-rank test, P = 0.034 and 0.558, respectively). The median overall survival in combination therapy patients with low-, intermediate- and high prostate-specific antigen and monotherapy patients with any prostate-specific antigen were 79, 59, 45 and 43 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that combination therapy in patients with low- and intermediate prostate-specific antigen was significantly associated with a favorable overall survival compared with monotherapy (hazard ratios 0.66 and 0.75, respectively, both P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: There are major survival differences in extremely high prostate-specific antigen cases according to the prostate-specific antigen level and hormone therapy type and those patients would benefit notably from combination androgen blockade.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate survival of hormone-naïve prostate cancerpatients diagnosed with prostate-specific antigen ≥500 ng/ml, stratified according to the prostate-specific antigen level and type of therapy. METHODS: Data of prostate cancerpatients with prostate-specific antigen ≥500 ng/ml diagnosed between 2001 and 2003 and receiving primary androgen deprivation therapy were extracted from the Japan Study Group of Prostate Cancer database. Cancer-specific survival and overall survival were assessed according to the prostate-specific antigen level (500-999, 1000-4999 and ≥5000 ng/ml) and type of therapy using Kaplan-Meier analyses and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models including age, Gleason score, oncological stage and comorbidity. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 27 months (interquartile range, 13-51) and a total of 1961 patients were included. Five-year cancer-specific and overall mortalities were 39.0 and 33.0%, respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between overall survival and prostate-specific antigen magnitude among combination therapy patients, but not monotherapy patients (log-rank test, P = 0.034 and 0.558, respectively). The median overall survival in combination therapy patients with low-, intermediate- and high prostate-specific antigen and monotherapy patients with any prostate-specific antigen were 79, 59, 45 and 43 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that combination therapy in patients with low- and intermediate prostate-specific antigen was significantly associated with a favorable overall survival compared with monotherapy (hazard ratios 0.66 and 0.75, respectively, both P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: There are major survival differences in extremely high prostate-specific antigen cases according to the prostate-specific antigen level and hormone therapy type and those patients would benefit notably from combination androgen blockade.