Sjoerd Hak1, Pål Erik Goa2,3, Sebastian Stenmark1, Frøydis F Bjerkholt1, Olav Haraldseth1,2. 1. MI Lab and Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. 2. Department of Medical Imaging, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. 3. Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare experimental transverse relaxivities of iron oxide nanocrystals (IONC) as a function of clustering and magnetic field strength with different theoretical model predictions. THEORY AND METHODS: Well-defined IONC clusters in nanoemulsions (NEs) of which both size and IONC loading could be judiciously tuned were developed. Transverse relaxivities were measured as a function of NE size and IONC loading at 20 and 300 MHz and compared with four theoretical model predictions. Polydispersity of the NEs was measured and taken into account in the theoretical calculations. RESULTS: Experimentally observed relaxivities were in between theoretical predictions from the fast diffusion regime and the static dephasing regimen. NE polydispersity significantly affected the theoretical T2 relaxivity. The effect of both the number of IONCs inside each droplet as well as the radius of the droplet itself was correctly described by a fast diffusion loose aggregate model, while the effect of increased magnetic field was in agreement with a static dephasing model. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that both fast diffusion, originating from bulk water, and static dephasing phenomena, perhaps originating from water associated with the NE, play a role in transverse relaxivities of IONC aggregates. The developed aggregate system represents a powerful tool to further study these phenomena.
PURPOSE: To compare experimental transverse relaxivities of iron oxide nanocrystals (IONC) as a function of clustering and magnetic field strength with different theoretical model predictions. THEORY AND METHODS: Well-defined IONC clusters in nanoemulsions (NEs) of which both size and IONC loading could be judiciously tuned were developed. Transverse relaxivities were measured as a function of NE size and IONC loading at 20 and 300 MHz and compared with four theoretical model predictions. Polydispersity of the NEs was measured and taken into account in the theoretical calculations. RESULTS: Experimentally observed relaxivities were in between theoretical predictions from the fast diffusion regime and the static dephasing regimen. NE polydispersity significantly affected the theoretical T2 relaxivity. The effect of both the number of IONCs inside each droplet as well as the radius of the droplet itself was correctly described by a fast diffusion loose aggregate model, while the effect of increased magnetic field was in agreement with a static dephasing model. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that both fast diffusion, originating from bulk water, and static dephasing phenomena, perhaps originating from water associated with the NE, play a role in transverse relaxivities of IONC aggregates. The developed aggregate system represents a powerful tool to further study these phenomena.